奥斯曼政府参战的后果与中东地缘政治的变局

The Result of the Involvement of the Ottoman Empire in the First World War and the Change of the Geopolitical Structure in the Middle East

欧洲列强长期的渗透和侵略并未使奥斯曼帝国完全丧失主权,但奥斯曼帝国加入同盟国卷进第一次世界大战,不仅导致帝国的崩溃,也彻底改变了中东的地缘政治格局。战争期间和战后的一系列"协定"和条约重新勾画了中东地图,英法为了自己的利益需求而在中东"制造出"许多新国家,从根本上改变了中东各民族的命运。奥斯曼政府"亲德派"的错误导向,"帮助"英法等国实现了瓜分和占领中东的愿望;阿拉伯人曾把第一次世界大战当作获得解放的机会,最后却换来殖民主义者的"委任统治",延缓了独立的步伐。英国和法国获得了统治中东阿拉伯地区的机会,但委任统治的困境又成为殖民帝国崩溃的开篇。第一次世界大战和中东历史的转折,给我们提出了许多值得思考的历史命题。

The Ottoman Empire had not been deprived of its sovereignty after a long-time＇ s permeating and invading from the Great Powers, but the involvement in the First World War had not only led to its collapse, but also changed the geopolitical structure in the Middle East. A series of “agreements” and treaties during and after the War redrew the map of the Middle East. Furthermore, Britain and France had “made” there many new states for their own benefits, and changed the fate of the peoples in the Middle East. The mistaken orientation of pro-German in the Ottoman government enabled Britain and France etc. to capture and divide the Middle East. The Arabian saw the First World War as a chance of their liberation, but finally the territory was man- dated over by the colonialists and the independence was delayed. Britain and France obtained the opportunity to dominate the Middle East. However, the dilemma in the mandatory governing had turned into the beginning of the collapse of the colonial Empire. The First World War and the transition in the Middle East has offered us enough historic topics.