2005年长沙市青少年腰围臀围及腰臀比的分布特征

Distribution of Waist and Hip Circumference and Waist-to-hip Ratio Among Children and Adolescents in Changsha

目的研究长沙市11~18岁青少年腰围、臀围和腰臀比的分布特征。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取长沙市两所学校,以参加2005年学生体质与健康调研的2 490名（男1 293名,女1 197名）11~18岁中学生为研究对象,测量腰围和臀围,并计算各年龄组男女学生的腰围、臀围和腰臀比的百分位数、均数和标准差。分析腰围、臀围、腰臀比的年龄别分布特点及各年龄组腰围、臀围和腰臀比的性别差异,并与美国疾病控制中心（CDC）1999-2002年青少年腰围数据和北京市青少年2004年腰围数据比较。结果（1）男女生腰围均随年龄增长,男生的腰围大于女生（P〈0.01）;（2）男生臀围均随年龄增长,除18岁年龄组外,女性的臀围高于男性（P〈0.01）;（3）男生腰臀比均大于女生（P〈0.01）;（4）长沙市男女生腰围第50百分位数值与美国和北京青少年腰围比较,男生腰围小于美国但高于北京数据,都有随年龄增高的趋势。女生的腰围曲线较北京和美国平缓,无显著快速增长期。结论长沙市青少年腰围、臀围、腰臀比在不同性别和不同年龄组学生中存在差异,腰围在不同种族和地域间也存在差别。建议将腰围作为青少年健康体检的常规测量指标,并为进一步研究随时间变化趋势及国际间比较提供基本数据。

Objective To study the distribution of waist and hip circumference and waist- to- hip ratio in children and adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years in Changsha. Methods Two of middle schools in urban areas of Changsha were randomly selected and 2,490 students aged between 11 and 18 years who attended the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students in 200.5 were enrolled in this study. We calculated the centile, means and standard deviations of waist and hip circumference and waist- to- hip ratio by age, gender, and its distribution pattern was compared with the American waist circumference charts of children and adolescents provided by American Center for Disease Control （CDC） from 1999 to 2002 and with the Beijing waist circumference charts of children and adolescents in 2004. Results The waist circumference was increasing with age in all samples and that was significantly higher in boys than that in girls （P〈 0.01 ）. The hip circumference was increasing with age in boys and that was significantly higher in girls than that in boys except the age group of 18 years （P〈0.01）. The waist- to- hip ratio of boys was higher than that of girls （P〈0.01）. Compared with the US CDC and Beijing waist circumference charts, P50 among the boys in Changsha was higher than Beijing＇ s data but lower than US CDC＇ s data with the same increasing tendency. However, P50 curve of girls in Changsha was smooth without sharp increase as compared with that of US CDC and Beijing. Conclusions There are gender and age differences of waist and hip circumference and waist- to - hip ratio, furthermore, there are geographical and race differences. This is the first time to study the waist and hip circumference and waist- to- hip ratio of children and adolescents in the central south area. These data could be used for the clinical and epidemiological study of adolescent abdominal obesity. It is suggested that waist circumference should be measured in health examination of adolescents as a routine. It is useful for the following longitudinal study and the comparison between countries.