初期阶段的俄罗斯语言学研究概要

Essentials of Russian Linguistic Research in the Early Period

长期以来,古罗斯语法具有模仿性质的说法一直影响着语言学界。古罗斯语法思想的源头与翻译语法有关,后者的重要意义并不单纯在于给古罗斯带来了语法知识,而在于强调了语法知识在编辑和翻译中的重要性。对语法知识的积极探索使得语法与辩证法和神学一起构成了当时科学研究的完整体系。古罗斯语法思想的形成过程集中表现为分类原则,研究内容和发展方向,两种文化、哲学和宗教思想,印刷版语法书同之前非印刷版语法文献之间4个方面的对立,古罗斯语法思想的形成和发展结束了语法研究的原始状态,为随后具有俄罗斯特色的语言学研究的发展打下了坚实基础。

The view that ancient Russian grammars is imitative in nature is long-standing in the circle of Russian linguistics. Ancient Russian grammars were derivative of translation grammar. The importance of the latter was that it not only brought grammatical knowledge to ancient Russian, but also showed the importance of grammar in editing and translation. The active exploration of grammar, together with that of dialectics and theology, constituted a system of scientific research at the time. In developing the ancient Russian grammar, four issues were addressed, namely, principles of categorization, subject matter and goals of research, conflicts between two cultures, philosophies and religions, and the incorporation of printed grammar and prior non-printed grammar. The shaping and development of ancient grammar put an end to the primitive state of grammar building and laid a good foundation for the subsequent Russian linguistic research.