长江三角洲地区典型废水中抗生素的初步分析

OCCURRENCE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE CHANGJIANG DELTA, CHINA

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法,对城市生活污水、养猪场和甲鱼养殖场废水进行抗生素污染检测.污水处理厂污水中检出磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲氧嘧啶和磺胺甲恶唑3种磺胺类抗生素,浓度都低于5μg·l-1.养猪场废水中检出磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺氯哒嗪5种磺胺类抗生素(<5μg·l-1),四环素类的四环素、土霉素和强力霉素(30.05—100.75μg·l-1).甲鱼养殖场废水检出氯霉素、甲砜霉素和氟甲砜霉素3种氯霉素抗生素,浓度低于检测下限0.1μg·l-1.结果表明,在3种典型废水中,养猪场废水检出抗生素的种类最多,浓度也最高;磺胺类在3种废水中检出频率最高,尤其是磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺甲氧嘧啶.说明城市生活污水、畜禽养殖场废水和水产养殖废水都是水环境潜在的抗生素污染源.

The occurrence of antibiotics in municipal wastewaters, swine manure wastewaters and turtle farm wastewaters were studied using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed Sulpamonmethoxine, sulfamethoxydiazine and sulfamethoxazole were detected in municipal wastewaters with concentrations below 5 μg·l^-1. 5 sulfonamides（〈5 μg·l^-1）and 3 tetracyclines（30.05—100.75 μg·l^-1）were detected in swine manure wastewaters.In turtle farm wastewaters,3 chloramphenicols antibiotics（〈0.1 μg·l^-1）were found.Among 3 kinds wastewaters, swine manure wastewater had antibiotics of most kinds and highest concentrations.Tetracyclines were found having the highest concentrations.Sulfonamides, especially sulfamethoxazole, Sulpamonmethoxine and sulfamethoxydiazine, were detected most frequently.Therefore, 3 kinds wastewater were potential antibiotic pollution sources to aquatic environments in Changjiang delta.