黄河防洪存在的主要问题和对策措施

Main Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Flood Control of the Yellow River

2003年和2005年黄河及中游部分支流发生的洪水,造成了较大损失。黄河防洪存在的问题主要是:①防洪意识淡薄;②黄河干流防洪问题多;③中小水库和淤地坝群存在防汛安全隐患;④西北地区山洪灾害防御能力较弱;⑤部分煤矿存在防洪问题。提出了相应的对策和措施:①完善"上拦下排、两岸分滞"防洪工程体系;②搞好病险水库除险加固和重要城市防洪设施建设;③建立健全山洪灾害防御预案、预警系统及滩区预警系统;④加强防洪减灾政策法规体系建设。

In 2003 and 2005,floods occurred in the Yellow River and some tributaries,causing greater losses.The existing problems of flood control of the Yellow River are mainly as follows: a) the consciousness of flood control becomes dim;b) flood control of the main river has more problems;c) medium and small-sized reservoirs and warping dams exist hidden troubles;d) the defensive capability of flash flood disaster in northwest region is weak and;e) some coal mines have flood control problems.It puts forward the following corresponding measures and countermeasures: a) improve the flood control engineering system of 'storing water upper stream,facilitate flood conveyance downstream and detention at the both sides of the banks';b) remove dangers and consolidate problematic reservoirs and build flood control facilitates in important cities;c) prepare and perfect an emergency plan and forecasting and warning system for preventing flash flood disaster and forecasting and warning system of floodplain and;d) establish policies,laws and regulations system of flood control and hazards reduction.