基于路段通行能力限制的机动车污染物总排放量最优化研究

Optimal Total Vehicle Pollutants Emissions Quantity Based on Link Traffic Capacity Constraints

随着城市机动车保有量的逐年增加,汽车尾气排放已成为许多大城市空气的主要污染源.以一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NOx)和碳氢化合物(HC)为评价因子,基于单车排放因子与车速之间的关系、交通流三参数的关系,建立了路段总排放量与车速、车型比例、交通量三个因素之间的数学模型.运用非线性规划理论,建立了以路段通行能力为主要约束条件,以污染物排放量最小为目标的最优化模型,以及求解算法.通过实例证明,通过调控路段上车型构成来调控实际交通量的大小,间接地调控行驶车速,进行排放量控制的方法是可行的.

With the growing of vehicles ownership, the vehicular exhaust emissions have become major sources of air pollutants in cities. In this paper, the pollutants, carbon monoxide （CO）, nitrogen oxides （NOx）, and hydrocarbon （HC） are considered as evaluation factors. On the basis of the relation between the emission factors and vehicle＇s velocity and the relation amongst three parameters （Volume, Speed, Density） of traffic flow, we have developed a model that calculates the total quantity of pollutants emissions from vehicles based on speed, proportion of vehicle types, and the tragic volume. Adopting the theory of nonlinear programming, we have developed an optimal model in which the link capacity is one main constraint and the minimum of the total quantity of pollutants emissions is the goal and designed its solution algorithm. The aim of our research is to find a method to control the quantity of traffic pollutants emissions through adjusting and controlling the composition of vehicle types, and then the traffic volume and vehicle＇ s running speed indirectly. Finally, the feasibility of the model is justified through a practical example.