不同运动项目的运动员月经状况调查

A survey of athletic menstruation among different sports events

目的：不同运动项目对运动员的初潮年龄、月经失调类型会产生影响。实验拟以调查方式分析其相关影响因素。方法：调查于2006—05在广东省体育运动技术学院完成。采用问卷调查法，对11个项目的13-26岁队员共131人进行抽样调查。问卷内容包括：①运动员个人资料及月经史：运动员年龄、初潮年龄、月经周期时间、是否规律、行经天数、经血量、颜色、有无痛经及其程度、经前期感觉、行经期感觉、有无闭经史及其治疗情况、有无骨折史等。②运动员运动史：运动项目、运动级别、运动训练开始的年龄、号项训练年限、运动负荷量（用每日和每周训练的时间表示）、行经期的训练情况等。结果：运动员平均初潮年龄与普通人群相似。项目特点、运动水平及训练起始年龄对月经初潮有影响：运动员月经失调例比较高，以痛经显著：继发性闭经主要集中在表现难美性的项目中：初潮前开始训练的队员，其月经失调的发生率明显高于初潮后开始训练的队员：89．83％运动员经期症状是正常的。结论：运动员月经情况与其训练开始年龄、运动专项、运动水平等有关。

AIM： Different sports can affect the age of menarche, the types of menstrual disorder of athletes. This study investigated its influential factors. METHODS： The investigation was performed at the Guangdong Athletic Sports Technique College in May 2006. By random cluster sampling, 131 female athletes in 11 sports were selected as subjects, aged 13 to 26 years. Questionnaire which mainly covered： general information and menstrual histories： age, age of menarche, menstrual cycle, regularity, days of menstruating, menstrual blood volume and color, dysmenorrhoea, feeling in premenarche and menstrual period, history of amenorrhea, history of bone fracture, and ②sport training information： sports, training level, beginning age of training, special purpose train time, training volume a day and a week, training state in menstrual period. RESULTS： The athlete average age of menarche showed no significant difference with common population. But sports training did affect menarche by sport feature and training level as well as beginning age of the training. Athletes showed higher rate of irregular, dysmenorrhoea. In the artistic sports, secondary amenorrhea rate was higher than that in other sports. Athletes who trained before menarche showed higher rate of menstrual disorder than those trained after menarche. Menstrual symptom was normal in 89-83% athletes. CONCLUSION： Menstruation situation of athletes is related to their age of beginning training, sports type, and training level.