不同种系梅花品种组织培养繁殖研究

Micro-propagation of Prunus mume cultivars for different groups in vitro.

梅花组培离体繁殖生根非常困难,为了解决不同梅花种系离体组织培养生根困难的问题,为生产梅花脱毒苗和进行转基因操作,该文以‘铁骨红’梅(真梅系)、‘美人’梅(樱李梅系)和‘燕杏’梅(杏梅系)为试验材料,建立了梅花的外植体生长、扩繁、生根的基本培养程序。其中适合‘铁骨红’生长的最佳培养基是改良QL培养基,即QL大量元素+P培养基微量元素+MS有机成分+2倍MS铁盐+30 g/L葡萄糖,该培养基解决了黄化、顶端死亡等组织培养中比较严重的问题;最佳的增殖培养基是改良QL+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L GA3;最佳的生根培养基是1/2改良QL+0.3 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L IBA。‘美人’梅和‘燕杏’的增殖培养基分别是WPM+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA和MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L IBA;生根培养基分别是1/2WPM+0.5 mg/L NAA和1/2MS+0.5 mg/L IBA。

It is very difficult to make Prunus mume root in vitro.In order to resolve this problem,produce virus-free Prunus mume seedlings and handle in gene engineering,three Prunus mume groups including ＇Tie Guhong＇（Zhenmei Group）,＇Meiren＇（Yinglimei Group） and ＇Yanxing＇（Xingmei Group） are chosen as materials to be micro-propagated in vitro.A complete micro-propagation protocol is developed for these three Prunus mume cultivars.The optimum in vitro growing medium for ＇Tie Guhong＇ was observed on modified Quoirin and Lepoivre medium（QL） supplemented with QL large elements,Perez medium trace elements,Murashige and Skoog medium（MS） organic compounds,double MS Fe salt and 30 g/L glucose.This modified medium is used to resolve the serious problems in ＇Tie Guhong＇ tissue culture such as seedling chlorosis and shoot tip death.The optimum proliferation medium for ＇Tie Guhong＇ was observed on improved QL medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA,0.05 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L GA3.The optimum rooting medium for ＇Tie Guhong＇ was observed on improved 1/2 QL supplemented with 0.3 mg/L NAA and 0.1 mg/L IBA.The optimum proliferation medium for ＇Meiren＇ was improved WPM medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA.The optimum proliferation medium for ＇Yanxing＇ was improved MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 6-BA and 0.05 mg/L IBA.The optimum rooting medium for ＇Meiren＇ was improved 1/2 Woody Plant Medium（WPM） supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and the optimum rooting medium for ＇Yanxing＇ was improved 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA.