北京市铁强化酱油健康教育干预效果分析

Effect analysis of health education on NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce in Beijing,China

目的深入了解北京市妇女儿童贫血状况及居民对铁缺乏和铁强化酱油的知识、态度、行为(KAP),探讨更有效的健康教育方法。方法采用多级整群抽样方法,2006年基线测定血红蛋白值女性1738人,儿童592人;在全市开展多种多样的铁强化酱油健康教育工作一年后,再次测定血红蛋白值女性1536人,儿童436人。同时,先后两次进行了问卷调查铁缺乏和铁强化酱油的知识、态度行为及相关情况。结果通过一年的健康教育干预,妇女的血红蛋白值从2006年的128.73±12.65g/L,上升为131.04±12.45 g/L;儿童的血红蛋白值从2006年的125.88±10.76 g/L,上升为129.20±11.52 g/L。居民有关铁强化酱油的知晓率明显上升,购买食用铁强化酱油的民众比例也明显上升,由2006年的9.9%上升为2007年的57.6%,且上述变化的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论开展铁缺乏和铁强化酱油知识的健康教育,对人们选择铁强化酱油及防治缺铁性贫血的知识-态度-行为改善有积极的作用。

Objective To understand the situation of women and children with anemia and their KAP （knowledge, attitude and practice） about iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce in Beijing, and to explore the better health education methods. Methods By group sampling method, 1738 women and 592 children were selected from 2 dis- tricts and detected of hemoglobin in 2006. And 1536 women and 436 children were detected again after one year＇s intervention. Questionnaire survey was used to collect their information on KAP about iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce, which was conducted among 809 subjects in 2006 and among 837 in 2007. Health education on iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce were carried out in the one year＇ s time period. Results After the intervention, the hemoglobin of women were increased from 128.73 ± 12.65g/L in 2006 to 131.04 ± 12.45 g/L in 2007; the hemoglobin of children were increased from 125.88 ± 10.76 g/L in 2006 to 129.20 ± 11.52 g/L in 2007. The answer-correct rate about the acknowledge on iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce significantly increased from 27.1% to 82.3% （P〈0.01） , and the edible rate of NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce increased from 9.9% to 57.6% significantly （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Health education played a positive role in improving people＇s KAP about iron deficiency and NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce in Beijing.