“女儿国”的传说与史实

The Legend and the Historical Facts of "Women's State"

传说中的"女儿国"、"女子国"在正史中也有记录。"海东""女国"和"西方""女国",以及"剑南西山羌女国"、"东女国"、剑南"女国"、南海"女人国",都被理解为保留明显母系氏族社会特征的文化存在。在"女国"之中,一种是"有女自王"的"女国",一种是"产男不举,致国中纯女无男"的"女国"。关于"女国"风习,《隋书》所谓"其俗贵妇人,轻丈夫",《旧唐书》所谓"俗重妇人而轻丈夫",以及《新唐书.西域列传上.东女》所谓"俗轻男子,女贵者咸有侍男","子从母姓","以女为君……官在外者,率男子为之;凡号令,女官自内传,男官受而行",均体现出女权的独尊。历史上的"女国"一切入浴怀孕、窥井生子以及"以蛇为夫"、"以猿为夫"、"以鬼为夫"等传说,其实源自于母系氏族时代形成的女子不交合而孕的神话,体现了世系只能从母亲方面来确定的群婚时代的社会现实。《山海经》中的"女子国"、"丈夫国"以及《淮南子》中的"女子民,丈夫民"的隔离,应当与原始时期"生产上的性禁忌"有关。

＂Women＇ s state＂ in the legend is also recorded in the history. The ＂women＇s state＂ has two forms： one is that there is a woman king and the other is that there is no man in such a state. The Sui Books says that women are valued and men are devalued. The Old Tang Books and some other books have such recordings, too. In the legends, women are pregnant while bathing in the women＇s state and give birth to their children looking in the well. And their husbands are snakes, apes, ghosts and others, coming from the mythology that women are pregnant without sex and embodying the social reality in the age of group marriage.