从Peoples看罗尔斯对国家是理性行为体的批判

The "Peoples" and Rawls' Criticism of States as Rational Actors

大多数国际关系理论流派都把国家作为理性的行为体,然而罗尔斯在其晚年的著作《万民法》中却拒绝把国家作为国际关系分析的单元,而把人民(Peoples)作为国际关系的行为主体,因为后者既是理性的、又是合理性的。但是从罗尔斯对世界国家的分类以及人民同非人民社会的关系来看,人民和国家之间的差别并不大,这说明如何体现出国家的合理性仍然是一个难题。

Most international relation theories hold states as rational actors, but Rawls refuses to use them as the units of international analysis, for, to him, Peoples as rational as well as reasonable actors. Rawls divides the world into five types, and evaluates the relationship between Peoples and non - Peoples. It seems that Peoples are not so different from states, and this means it is still a problem how to display the reasonableness of states.