广西白裤瑶族人群高血压患病率调查

Prevalence of hypertension in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao populations

目的了解广西白裤瑶族人群高血压的患病情况及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法对1170名≥15岁白裤瑶族人群的血压、身高、体重、体质指数、腰围、血脂及载脂蛋白进行测定，并将其结果与1173名当地的汉族人群作比较。结果广西白裤瑶族人群标准化高血压患病率明显低于当地的汉族人群（11．53％比16.79％，P〈0.01）；白裤瑶族人群平均收缩压、舒张压和脉压水平也明显低于汉族人群[分别为（115.7±16.3）mm Hg比（120.0±16.3）mmHg（1mm Hg=0.133kPa），P〈0.01；（74.1±9.4）mm Hg比（75.9±10.4）mm Hg，P〈0.01和（41.6±12.0）mm Hg比（44.2±11.2）mm Hg，P〈0.01]。白裤瑶族人群高血压患病与性别、年龄、体力活动、体质指数、腰围、总能量、总脂肪和钠盐摄入量呈正相关，与教育水平呈负相关，而汉族人群高血压患病与性别、年龄、体力活动、喝酒、体质指数、腰围、总能量、总脂肪和钠盐摄入量呈正相关，与教育水平呈负相关。白裤瑶族和汉族人群高血压的知晓率为11.81％比21.76％（P〈0.05），治疗率为5.51％比12.95％（P〈0.05），控制率为2.36％比8.29％（P〈0.05）。结论广西白裤瑶族人群高血压患病率显著低于汉族人群，可能与其特殊的饮食习惯、低盐摄入、生活方式以及遗传因素等有关。

Objective To observe the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao populations. Methods A total of 1170 subjects of Bai Ku Yao aged 15 and over were surveyed by a stratified randomized cluster sampling. Blood pressure, body height, weight, waist circumference, serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured, and body mass index （BMI） were calculated, matched 1173 subjects of Han Chinese from the same region served as control. Results The standardized prevalence of hypertension in Bai Ku Yao was significantly lower than that in Han （11.53% vs. 16.79% , P 〈0. 01 ）. The mean levels of systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure in Bai Ku Yao were also significantly lower than those in Han [（115.7±16.3） vs. （ 120.0±16.3 ） mm Hg （1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）, P〈0.01; （74.1±9.4） vs. （75.9±10.4） mmHg, P〈0.01; and （41.6±12. 0） vs. （ 44.2±11.2 ） mm Hg, P 〈 0. 01 ; respectively ]. Hypertension was positively correlated with male, age, physical activity, BMI, waist circumference, and the intakes of total energy, total fat, and sodium, and negatively associated with education level in both ethnic groups （ P 〈 0.05 - 0. 01 ）, but was positively associated with alcohol consumption only in Han. The rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were significantly lower in Bai Ku Yao than those in Han population [（ 11.81% vs. 21.76%）, P 〈0.05; （5.51% vs. 12.95%）, P〈0.05; and （2.36% vs. 8.29%）, P〈0.05; respectively ]. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was significantly lower in Bai Ku Yao population than in Han population and diet, low sodium intake, life style, and genetic factors might be responsible for the lower hypertension prevalence in Bai Ku Yao population.