冷战时期美国对东欧的“演变”政策与1989年东欧剧变

The Foreign Policy of "Peaceful Evolution" of the U.S. to Eastern Europe in the Cold War Period and Drastic Social Changes of Eastern Europe in 1989

1958年确立的"演变"政策是20世纪50年代后期以后美国对东欧的基本政策。美国历届政府都努力推行"演变"政策,以求促使东欧国家脱离苏联阵营,并最终放弃社会主义制度。该政策决定了在冷战时期美国对东欧的政治经济乃至文化等诸多交流都基本具有了"演变"的政治目的。然而,1989年东欧剧变虽然是美国冷战年代历届政府推行"演变"政策所寻求的政治目标,但却不是美国长期实施"演变"政策的直接结果。

The “Peaceftil Evolution” Policy of the U. S. A, established in 1958 was the basic foreign policy towards Eastern European nations since late 1950s＇. U.S. governments made great efforts to carry the “Peaceful Evolution” Policy out in order to cause Eastern European nations to break away from Soviet Bloc and abandon socialism, The policy showed that intercourses of politics, economy, culture and so on between the U. S. A. and Eastern European nations all have political motives. However, Drastic Social Changes of Eastern Europe in 1989 was not caused directly by the long-term practice of “Peaceful Evolution” of the U. S. A.