德里达的解构主义的道德观的启示

The Revelation of Deconstructionism’s Moral Point of View——construction in Derrida's deconstruction

德里达的解构主义在政治哲学领域发起的一场革命是:它通过解构,构建了一种与传统的互惠和平等的道德原理完全不同的、非互惠的友爱和关心的道德原理,并把这一道德原理视为正义的基础。德里达认为,基于传统的互惠和平等的道德原理之上的传统的道德观并没有真正把人当作相异的个体性存在来看待,这也造成了基于互惠的平等观念之上的现代法律的困境。本文分析和评价了德里达的道德观,并指出了他的这一带有解构意图的道德观所具有的积极的建构性的意义。

In The Politics of friendship, on the authentic friendship should replace the modem law runs into a dead comer as the Derrida claims that the principle of care which is based modem moral principle of equality. He also claims that traditional moral system based on mutual benefit and equality does not take into account of men as heterogeneous individuals. While, undoubtedly, Derrida＇s deconstruction has its extreme edge, the subversion of the basic idea of modem moral and law also has its positive or constructive side. We cannot fairly understand the proper meanings of Derrida＇deconstruction if we don＇t grasp the constructive elements of his deconstruction. Therefore the present thesis first outlines the basic idea of Derrida＇ authentic friendship, in order to make it clear： why the principle of care which is based on the authentic friendship has so important a position in his thought. Then the thesis goes on to analyze how Derrida, in the light of the principle of care, succeeds in opening up the ＂rattrap＂ of the modem law. Finally, the thesis points out what is the Derrida＇s constructive element in his deconstruction after a comparison of Derrida＇s theory of modem moral and law which take a reconstructive form.