唐口煤矿3上_煤层冲击地压形成机制及防治措施

Tangkou Coalmine No.3U Coal Seam Rock Burst Formation Mechanism and Controlling Measures

通过对唐口煤矿地应力、3上煤层及顶板岩层冲击地压测试结果分析,认为3上煤层属强冲击倾向性煤层,3上煤层顶板属弱冲击倾向性岩层;在采深1 000m条件下,随着地应力的增大,煤、岩层的冲击倾向性将会增大。因3上煤层为易碎煤,厚度较大,顶板弹性能易突然全部释放,形成冲击地压;3上煤顶板主要为中砂岩、细砂岩及泥岩,质地坚硬,在煤层开采过程中,煤壁附近出易现高应力集中带,在顶板中聚集的弹性能在自重力和采掘干扰下会突然释放,形成冲击地压。在生产过程中采取钻屑法、沿采煤工作面轨道顺槽安装顶板离层报警系统、合理开拓避免应力集中和叠加、对煤层进行注水,降低煤体弹性和强度、提高支护结构的承载能力等一系列措施,较好地预防了冲击地压的发生。

Through analyses of ground stress, No.3U coal seam and roof strata rock burst testing results in the Tangkou coalmine, considered that the No.3U belongs to strong rock burst tendency coal seam while its roof weak tendency. Under mining depth 1000m, along with ground stress is increased, coal and strata rock burst tendency increasing. Because of No.3U coal seam is friable and thick, roof elastic energy easy to release suddenly and form rock burst ; its roof are mainly hard medium, fine granular sandstone and mudstone, high stress concentration zone can be formed near the coal wall during coal mining, eoncentrated elastic energy in roof can be released suddenly under gravity and winning disturbance and rock burst formed. A series of measures such as method of drilling bits, to set roof abscission layer alarm system along the coal face track crossheading, rational opening-out to avoid stress concentration and stacking, coal seam water injection, coal body elasticity and intensity lowering, to enhance load-carrying ability of support structure etc. have adopted as good to prevent rock bursts.