突发公共安全事件的风险沟通难题--从心理学角度的观察

Perplexing problems in risk communication of emergent public security events: a psychological perspective

任何突发公共安全事件一定会影响到公众的心理,而公众的心理行为反过来又会对事件的发展演变产生巨大的影响。在危机发生时期,相关政府部门尤其需要了解突发事件中的公众心理,并通过科学地发布风险信息来减轻和化解社会心理压力,同时引导公众正确地认知风险。从风险沟通的角度入手,以问题形式报告了心理学界在风险认知及行为决策方面所积累的研究,希望这些研究成果能够为突发公共安全事件应急方案的制定提供心理学方面的理论依据。

Any emergency event is bound to affect the public awareness and behavior, which in turn have a great unpredicted influence on the course of disastrous events. During the period of emergency, the authorities should give priority to learn about public reaction to emergency, minimize social stress through releasing risky information scientifically, and also guide the public to understand risk correctly. The present article started from the introduction of the risk communication at a general population level during the tragic events, and then presented some accumulated psychological studies on risk perception and decision making in form of practical problems, which were expected to be able to provide psychological theoretical basis for establishing effective, current, and comprehensive disaster-response systems.