中国大学生健康状态与生活行为的调查研究

Investigation and study of the health conditions and living behaviors of college students in China

为深化高校体育与健康课程改革，促进大学生良好生活行为的养成，对全国不同地区部分高校607名大学生（男320名、女287名，年龄18～21岁）进行抽样问卷调查。结果发现：中国大学生重视并关注自身健康，健康自我评价总体状况良好；多数大学生有身体和精神疲劳感、运动不足感和生活压力感；大学生一日三餐较有规律，对平衡营养有一定认识，大多数学生注意了荤素搭配，对饮料的摄入有较正确的认识与行为，但相当一部分大学生不吃早餐、不喝牛奶，有挑食习惯；大学生吸烟率和饮酒率均低于前人的研究结果；大多数大学生喜欢体育健身，且有一定规律；大学生余暇生活内容丰富，列前3位的活动类型是：文化娱乐、上图书馆、体育健身，但选择健身比例并不高，提示大学生未重视体育锻炼对减缓压力、解除疲劳的良好作用。大学体育与健康教育的改革要加强对大学生健康管理意识和能力的培养，让他们学会用积极的手段去维护和获得健康。

In order to intensify the reform of college physical education and health education curriculum, and to promote the cultivation of good living behaviors of college students, the authors carried out a sampled questionnaire survey on 607 college students （320 males and 287 females at the ages of 18-21） in some institutes of higher learning in different areas in China, and revealed the following findings： college students in China valued and concerned their own health, and evaluated their oval health condition as good; most college students had the sense of physical and mental fatigue, the sense of exercise deficiency, and the sense of living pressure; college students had regular three meals a day and certain knowledge about balanced nutrition, and most of them cared about the combination of meat and vegetable, had a correct understanding and behavior of drink intake, but quite a number of them did not have breakfast or drink milk, having a food picky habit; the smoking rate and drinking rate of colleges students are all lower than the research results of predecessor researchers; most colleges students liked doing fitness exercises, and doing them regularly; college students had a lot of leisure activities, the top three of them are culture entertainment, going to a library and doing fitness exercises, but the percentage of the choice of fitness exercise is not high, which hints that college students did not value the good functions of physical exercises on releasing pressure and eliminating fatigue. In the reform of college physical education and health education, the cultivation of the health management awareness and capability of college students should be strengthened, so that they learn to apply positive means to maintain health gained.