论财产登记错误致他人损害的法律责任——评《物权法》第二十一条

On Liabilities of Wrong Registration of Real Property——A Review of Article 21 of Real Property Law of China

《物权法》第二十一条的立法宗旨在于规范因登记错误致使他人损害问题,其功能在于保障登记的公信力。但是通过对该条的分析,我们发现现在的条文设计并不能完好实现该条的立法宗旨及功能,在该条中不应规定登记机关向"造成登记错误的责任人"的追偿权,不应当将登记错误导致的损害混同于一般侵权行为发生的损害。因虚假登记致人损害者应当承担返还原物、赔偿损失的民事责任;登记机关应承担过错责任,同时实行举证责任倒置。

The aim of article 21 of Real Property Law of China is to resolve the issues arising from wrong registration. Its function is to protect the public reliance of the registration. By analysis, we got the conclusion that it does not achieve this aim. It should not prescribe the bureau of registration＇s recourse to charge its employees who do wrong in their work and it should not equal the wrong of registration of real property to the common wrong. The one who did wrong registering which damages others should return the real property to the true owner and compensate the damages. The bureau of registration of real property should burden the fault-based liability. And it should prove that it does not do wrong.