黄山市2002～2006年麻疹流行特征和控制策略探讨

Discussion on the epidemiological characteristics and control strategies of measles in Huangshan City from 2002-2006

目的分析黄山市2002-2006年麻疹流行病学特征，提出控制麻疹策略。方法采用描述流行病学方法，运用SPSS13．0软件分析、评价。结果黄山市2002-2006年共报告麻疹疑似病例706例，确诊380例，年均发病率5．27／10万。麻疹发病呈散发和暴发共存的流行模式。发病高峰在3-5月和12月，发病年龄以5-39岁人群为主。病例中有免疫史的占29．20％，无免疫史的占32．30％，免疫史不详的占38．50％。结论免疫空白和免疫失败人群的自然积累是麻疹发病的主要原因。进一步加强麻疹疫苗的常规免疫，考虑对大年龄组人群接种麻疹疫苗，提高麻疹监测质量，是加速控制麻疹的重要策略。

Objective To analyse the epidemiological characteristic of measles in 2002-2006 in Huangshan City and develop a series of strategies for measles control. Methods The data of epidemiological investigation and surveillance reports of infectious diseases were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0 software. Results Totally 706 suspected measles cases were reported in 2002-2006 in Huangshan City, with 380 cases confirmed, 7 cases clinically diagnosed, 319 cases excluded. Average annual incidence was 5.27/lakh. It was found that both sporadic measles and outbreaks occurred in the prefecture. The most measles cases were 5-39 years old, 29.20% had measles vaccine immunization history, 32.30% were non-vaccinated and 38.50% were uncertain. The seasonal peak appeared from March to May and December. Conclusions The main factors leading to measles outbreaks were zero immunization and failure of immunization. Routine vaccination should be reinforced, At the same time the immunization of measles vaccines among older-age groups should be taken seriously. Strengthening the measles surveillance and improving the quality are the key measures to accelerate measles control.