《子路、曾皙、冉有、公西华侍坐》考论

Research into Zilu,Zengxi,Ranyou and Gong Xihua Sitting in Attendance

《子路、曾皙、冉有、公西华侍坐》中"侍坐"发生的时间与孔子"与点"的原因,一直以来是学术界争议颇多的两个问题。以"侍坐"发生的时间为切入点,考证"侍坐"不可能发生在孔子周游列国期间,也不可能发生在孔子晚年归鲁之后,具体当发生于孔子教育生涯前期的最后两年,即孔子四十八九岁时;并由此动态地把握孔子"与点"的原因,"喟然与点"是"与点叹己"与"与点与己"交融的复杂体验,是对曾点的关照,更是对自己生命的反思。最后,试图解决孔子"与点"这一文化史上的悬案,真正领悟本章的主旨,非"与点",仅"各言其志"。

In Zilu, Zengxi, Ranyou and Gong Xihua Sitting in Attendance the time when the matter took place and the reason why Confucian agreed with Zengxi have always remained as two problems , which are argued in academic circles. Taking the time of sitting in attendance as point of penetration, we investigate that it happened neither during the period when Confucian traveled around the various states nor after Confucian returned to the Lu state in his old age . Specifically speaking , it should happen in the last two years of his teaching life, namely, in his 48 to 49. Therefore, we dynamically grasp the reason why Confucian agreed with Zengxi. Agreeing with Zengxi, emotionally is the complex experience that blends approving of Zengxi and sighing and approving of both Zengxi and himself, agreeing with Zengxi emotionally is not only the care of Confucian to Zengxi but also self-examination about his life. We try to solve the undecided case in cultural history why Confucian agreed with Zengxi , and comprehend the gist of this chapter truly. In fact, we do not agree with Zengxi but just make our opinions clear freely.