悬吊复合式防敏透气石膏夹板材料临床应用与3种夹板的比较

Clinical application of a suspended compound of anti-anaphylaxis ventilated plaster splint versus other three kinds of splints

背景：传统的外固定材料石膏绷带、小夹板及OCL夹板材料在临床应用中存在着组织相容性较差的缺点。目的：观察新型医用悬吊复合式防敏透气石膏夹板临床应用中在皮肤过敏、压疮、肢体骨筋膜室综合征等组织相容性方面的特点,并与普通石膏、小夹板及OCL夹板材料相比较。设计、时间及地点：病例回顾性分析,于2006-01/2008-01在深圳市宝安区石岩医院骨外科完成。参试者：应用石膏夹板治疗并获得随访的四肢骨折患者225例,按使用外固定材料的不同分为4组,普通小夹板组42例,普通石膏绷带组83例,悬吊复合式防敏透气石膏组78例,OCL石膏夹板组22例。干预：悬吊复合式防敏透气石膏组采用自行设计、由辽宁省大连市安力特医疗设备有限公司生产的悬吊复合式防敏透气石膏夹板进行外固定;OCL石膏夹板组采用美国产OCL石膏夹板进行外固定;其他2组采用普通小夹板及普通石膏绷带进行固定。主要观察指标：肢体骨筋膜室综合征发生率、皮肤过敏、肢体压疮等组织相容性指标。结果：225例肢体固定时间4~12周,平均6.2周。悬吊复合式防敏透气石膏组患者肢体骨筋膜室综合征、皮肤过敏及肢体压疮发生率低于其他3组（P〈0.05）。结论：悬吊复合式防敏透气石膏夹板的组织相容性好,安全可靠,适用于骨折外固定。

BACKGROUND： Conventional external fixation materials, including gypsum bandages, small splints and OCL splints, are unsatisfactory due to their poor histocompatibility. OBJECTIVE： To study the histocompatibility of medical suspended compound anti-anaphylaxis ventilated plaster splint in clinical application by the incidence of skin hypersensitivity, pressure ulcer and osteofascial compartment syndrome, and compare with the therapeutic effect of traditional small splint, traditional gypsum bandage and OCL plaster splint. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A retrospective analysis based on cases was carried out at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery in Shiyan Hospital of Baoan District of Shenzhen between January 2006 and January 2008. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 225 patients with limbs fractures were treated with plaster splints and received follow-ups. According to the external fixation materials, the patients were divided into 4 groups： traditional small splint group （n=42）, traditional gypsum bandage group （n=83）, suspended compound anti-anaphylaxis ventilated plaster splint （n=78）, and OCL plaster splint group （n=22）. INTERVENTIONS： Suspended compound anti-anaphylaxis ventilated plaster splint was self-designed and manufactured by Dalian Anlite Medical Equipment Co.,Ltd; OCL plaster splint was produced in America. They were all used for external fixation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Histocompatibility indexes, such as the incidence of skin hypersensitivity, pressure ulcer and osteofascial compartment syndrome. RESULTS： External fixation time of 225 patients ranged 4-12 weeks, with a mean of 6.2 weeks. The incidences of skin hypersensitivity, pressure ulcer and osteofascial compartment syndrome in the suspended compound anti-anaphylaxis ventilated plaster splint were lower than other three groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Suspended compound anti-anaphylaxis ventilated plaster splint has good histocompatibility, safety and reliability, thus fitting for external fixation of the fractures.