某有色金属矿山职业伤害瞬时危险因素研究

Research on the Instantaneous Risk Factors of the Occupational Injuries in a Nonferrous Metal Mine

目的探索有色金属矿山职业伤害的瞬时危险因素,估计其作用强度,为及时纠正,采取应急措施,避免职业伤害的发生提供科学依据。方法用病例—交叉设计方法,研究职业伤害是否由某些称瞬时危险因素所诱发。以某有色金属企业下属4个矿山2006年131例职业伤害者为病例和对照。结果24h及1周配对时间段分析都有15项以上因素进入回归方程,其中与家人同事关系、是否执行安全员要求,是否进入不安全场所、是否执行作业规程,注意力是否集中、衣着是否安全、工作班次、受伤地点,设备运转,操作是否犯错等因素OR值大于1,是职业伤害的危险因素;一般频数法分析有工作条件、劳动管理以及个人因素方面的11项危险因素OR值大于1。结论有色金属矿山职业伤害发生与多项瞬时危险因素关联。预防和控制瞬时危险因素,保护重点人群,开展健康促进计划,可以有效地控制和减少职业伤害的发生。

[Objective] To explore the instantaneous risk factors of the occupational injuries in a nonferrous metal mine, estimate the intensity and provide scientific evidence for the prevention against occupational injuries. [ Methods] Case crossover design method was applied to explore whether the occupational injuries had been induced by the instantaneous risk factors; 131 occupational injury sufferers in 4 mines of the nonferrous metal company in 2006 were taken as the cases for comparison. [ Results]24 hour and one week match time interval analysis showed that more than 15 factors were put into the regression equation; OR values of the relationship with the family and colleagues, safety requirement implementation, unsafe place access, operation regulation implementation, concentration focus, safe dressing, work shifts, injury places, equipment running and Operation were more than 1 and were taken as the risk factors of occupational injuries ; general frequency analysis showed that the OR values of 11 risk factors like working condition, labor management, personal factor and so on were more than 1. [ Conclusion] The occurrence of the occupational injuries in the nonferrous metal mine is associated with multiple instantaneous risk factors; the prevention and control of instantaneous risk factors, protection of the concerned population and the implementation of health promotion program can effectively control and reduce the occurrence of occupational injuries.