未婚女性青少年流动人口生殖健康知识及需求调查

Knowledge and requirement on reproductive health of unmarried female youngsters floating population

目的:了解未婚女性青少年流动人口的生殖健康知识、影响因素及生殖健康需求。方法:采用单纯随机抽样和非随机抽样相结合的方法,对青岛市3个区3个工厂的137名未婚女性青少年流动工人进行自填式问卷调查。结果:调查对象平均年龄为20.23岁。生殖健康知识分为五类,总评分为100.00分。女性青少年流动人口的总知识得分的中位数为24.50分。各项知识得分换算为百分制,其中避孕知识的得分为0.00分,怀孕与人工流产知识为10.00分,生殖道感染与艾滋病知识为41.67分,性健康知识为37.50分,妇科疾病知识为50.00分。五类知识得分差异具有统计学意义(χ2=221.642,P=0.000)。影响总知识得分的因素有年龄(OR=1.705)、月收入(OR=2.784)和文化程度(OR=2.677)。调查对象中36.50%有妇科疾病症状,有54.01%的人有月经异常。有妇科疾病症状者中仅有10.00%的人曾去看病,未看病的原因:42.22%的人认为"每个妇女都会有这些症状,没有什么关系",24.44%的人认为"我没有症状"。73.72%、90.51%、85.40%、76.64%的调查对象不知道计生服务中心发放宣教资料、发放避孕药具、诊断妇科疾病和开展健康教育服务。结论:未婚女性青少年流动人口的生殖健康知识水平较低,尤其是避孕知识。影响知识水平的因素有年龄、收入及文化水平。她们在妇科疾病、月经问题上有较大的需求,但缺乏主动求医意识且对目前计划生育服务中心的服务内容不了解。

Objective： To understand knowledge level on reproductive health of the unmarried female adolescent floating population and its factors and their reproductive health needs. Methods： Integrating random sampling and convenience sampling were adopted to investigate 137 respondents in 3 work places of 3 districts of Qingdao by the self - administrate questionnaire. Results： The median of age of the respondents was 20. 23. The total score of all reproductive health knowledge which including 5 kinds of knowledge was 100. 00. Actually the median of the score of all knowledge of the respondents was 24. 50. The scores of each kind of the knowledge were transformed into percentile system, the median scores of the knowledge on contraception, pregnant and induce abortion, reproductive tract infection and AIDS, reproductive health and gynecological diseases were O. 00, 10. 00, 41. 67, 37. 50 and 50. 00 respectively. The differences between the scores of five kinds of knowledge had statistical significance （X^2 =221. 642, P =0. 000） . The factors of the score of all reproductive health knowledge were age （ OR = 1. 705 ）, monthly income （ OR = 2. 784） and the education level （ OR = 2. 677 ） . 36. 50% of the respondents had varying symptoms of gynecological diseases, and 54. 01% of the respondents had varying menstruation problems. Only 10. 00% of the respondents who had gynecological diseases symptoms saw a doctor, the reasons why not see a doctor were： 42. 22% think ＂ every woman has these symptoms, so it doesnt matter＂, and 24. 44% think ＂ I have no symptom to get gynecological diseases＂. 73. 72%, 90. 51%, 85. 40% and 76. 64% of the respondents didnt know that the Family Planning Service Center provides education materials, free contraceptives, gynecological diseases diagnosis and health education respectively. Conclusion： The knowledge level on reproductive health of the female adolescent floating population is low, especially the knowledge on contraception. The factors of the reproductive health are age, monthly income and education level. They have a need on gynecological diseases and menstruation problem, but they lack consciousness on health and do not know the services provided by Family Planning Service Centre comprehensively.