小儿喘息性疾病327例血清过敏原及IgE分析

Analysis of Serum Allergen and IgE in 327 Children with Asthmatic Diseases

目的探讨不同小儿喘息性疾病的过敏原,利于早期采取干预。方法应用免疫印迹方法定量检测327例小儿喘息性疾病患者血清中过敏原特异性IgE抗体及总IgE水平。结果哮喘组患儿过敏原筛查阳性率为89.4%,明显高于肺炎组的47.8%及毛细支气管炎组的62.9%(P<0.01);哮喘性支气管炎组过敏原筛查阳性率为77.9%,低于哮喘组(P<0.05)。过敏原筛查阳性患儿中哮喘组68.3%、哮喘性支气管炎组70.0%、毛细支气管炎组60.8%对3种以上物质过敏;而肺炎组43.2%对3种以上物质过敏(X2=10.9,P<0.05)。哮喘组患儿血清总IgE水平明显高于肺炎组及毛细支气管炎组(P<0.01);但与哮喘性支气管炎组无明显差异(P>0.05)。哮喘患者最常见的6种过敏原依次为屋尘、猫毛皮屑、户尘螨、羊肉、狗毛皮屑及牛奶,其每种过敏原的检出率均明显高于肺炎组(P<0.05)。结论哮喘及哮喘性支气管炎与过敏反应的关系密切。

Objective To study the allergens of asthmatic diseases in children so as to take intervention early. Methods The level of serum specific immunoglobulin-E （IgE） antibodies and total IgE in 327asthmatic children were detected with Western-blotting method. Results The allergen positive rate of bronchial asthma goup was 89.4%, which was significantly higher than those in pneumonia group 47.8% and bronchiolifis group 62.9% （p 〈 0.01）, as well as asthmatic bronchitis group 77,9% （p〈0.05）. Among the aeroallergen-positive children, there were 68.3%, 70.7% and 60.8% of bronchial asthma group, asthmatic bronchitis group and bronchiolitis group who were positive with three or more allergens respectively, Conespondingly, only 43.2% of pnenmonia group had three or more kinds of allergens （p 〈 0.05）. The total IgE level of asthma group was markedly higher than those in pneumonia group and brunchiolitis group （p 〈 0.01 ）, but no significant difference from asthmatic bronchitis goup （p〉 0.05）. The six kinds of most common allergens of asthma group were dust, hair of cat, acaridae, mutton, hair of dog and milk. Conclusion Asthma and asthmatic bronchitis were closely related with anaphylactic reaction.