城市垃圾预处理改善焚烧特性的探讨

A discussion on pretreatment to improve MSW incineration

针对目前我国城市垃圾的高水分、低热值的特性，提出了2种改善城市垃圾焚烧特性的有效措施：生物质垃圾源分类和生物干燥。在我国建立生物质垃圾源分类体系，将生物质垃圾源头分类后，剩余垃圾的热值可以提高约50％～120％，已适合直接人炉焚烧，同时分离出来的生物质垃圾也更易于好氧堆肥或厌氧消化。另外一项技术措施是在焚烧前利用生物干燥技术，降低城市垃圾的水分含量，提高人炉垃圾的热值，这种方法主要是利用生物反应热来干燥城市生活垃圾，只需要在垃圾投入焚烧炉前增加一个预处理步骤，不必改变目前的垃圾收运体系，而且进行生物干燥后的垃圾更易于分选其中的可回收物质。

Based on the properties of MSW in China, two effective methods that called bio-waste source separation and biodrying which can improve MSW incineration are advised. If the bio-waste source separation system is set up in China, the calorific value of the remaining waste after separation of bio-waste will be increased 50% to 120% and the waste gets more suitable for incineration. In the meanwhile the separated bio-waste can be easily used by anaerobic digestion or composting. Another simpler way is to reduce MSW moisture content before incineration by biodrying, this method mainly uses bioorganic fraction energy to dry MSW, and the existing collecting system need not change, just add a pretreatment step before MSW are put into incinerator. After biodrying it would be much easier to separate the recyclable materials from the MSW.