植物-水生动物-填料生态反应器构建和作用机理

Construction of plant-aquatic animal-combined packing eco-reactor and its mechanism of treating scenic water

设计构建了植物-水生动物-填料生态反应器,以强化景观水体生态修复效果。实验中构建了美人蕉-组合填料-泥鳅生态反应器,以上海市绥宁河富营养化河水为实验用水。采用近自然的静态处理方式,经过120 h,TP、NH4+-N和TN去除率分别为68.5%、46.0%和53.8%,较对照1(无美人蕉和泥鳅,其他条件相同)分别提高52.3%、40.4%和43.3%。反应器中美人蕉根系生物膜中异养细菌、硝酸细菌、亚硝酸细菌数量分别为3.98E+08 CFU/g、8.20E+04 CFU/g和6.01E+03 CFU/g,较填料生物膜中相应细菌分别高出5.6倍、3.4倍和4.0倍。而根系和填料生物膜中反硝化细菌的数量水平相当,分别为1.09E+03 CFU/g和1.41E+03 CFU/g。根系泌氧能够改善根系生物膜含氧状态,使其成为硝化作用的主要场所。植物根系和填料生物膜内部存在兼性厌氧微环境,使反硝化作用得以进行,有利于总氮的去除。微生物群落的ER IC-PCR指纹图分析说明,美人蕉、泥鳅为填料生物膜微生物提供了有利的生存和作用的生态环境。

A plant-aquatic animal-combined packing eco-reactor（PAPER） was constructed to enhance the ecological remediation effects of scenic water. In this study, a Canna indic-combined packing-Cantor PAPER was built to treat the eutrophic Suining River in Shanghai. The polluted river water was inpoured into the device, batch process was used. 120 hours later, TP, NH4 -N, and TN removal rates were 68.5% , 46.0% and 53.8% respectively,which were 52.3% , 40.4% and 43.3% higher than those in the contrast experiment （without Canna indic and Cantor）. Amounts of heterotrophic bacteria, nitrate bacteria, nitrite bacteria in root biofilms were 3.98E ＋08 CFU/g, 8.20E ＋04 CFU/g, 6.01E ＋03 CFU/g respectively, which were 5.6,3.4 and 4.0 times higher than those in the packing biofilms. Denitrifying bacteria amounts in PAPER root films and packing films were respectively 1.09E ＋03 CFU/g and 1.41E ＋03 CFU/g. Roots could provide root biofilm with oxygen, so that nitrification could take place. There was unique anaerobic micro-environment in root biofilms and packing biofilms. Under this condition, denitrification could carry out and TN removal could have good effects. Analysis of ERIC-PCR fingerprints of biofilms shows that Canna indic and Cantor could provide packing biotilm microorganisms with advantageous ecological environment.