厌氧氨氧化反应器微生态的研究

Microecology of the Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Reactor

运用显微技术、常规的分离纯化和分子生物技术的方法研究了厌氧氨氧化系统中微生物群落结构和多样性.在实验室条件下,上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器和UASB生物膜反应器在无机和黑暗的条件下成功富集了厌氧氨氧化菌,在适宜的温度30-34℃和pH 7-8条件下,氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮在UASB反应器的去除率分别为99.99%和99.9%,在UASB生物膜反应器的去除率分别为99.3%和97.4%.通过传统的鉴定方法分析了该系统中的细菌、真菌和放线菌,表明2套反应器中微生物类群基本一致,都以厌氧或缺氧的细菌为主,大部分微生物在污泥中浓度很低.电镜观察发现优势菌是大小为（0.6-0.8）μm×（0.9-1.2）μm的椭圆形菌,占菌群的90%以上.变性梯度凝胶电泳技术（DGGE）和16S rDNA片段的酶切表明该系统只有1种优势的微生物,微生物多样性不高.

The microbial community structure and biodiversity in the ANAMMOX system were studied by applying the methods of microtechnic,separation and purification technology of microorganisms,and molecular biotechnology.The ANAMMOX microbial population in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket（UASB） bioreactor and a UASB-biofilm bioreactor was successfully enriched in the laboratory with inorganic and dark condition.The removal efficiencies of NH4^＋-N and NO^-2-N in UASB reactor were 99.99% and 99.9% respectively.For the UASB-biofilm,they were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively in an optimal condition in which the temperature was 30-34℃ and the pH was 7-8.In traditional methods of identifying microorganism,the population of bacteria,actinomycete and fungi were researched and the species in the two reactors were basically identical.Most of the microorganisms were anaerobic and anoxic bacteria.The size of the preponderant bacteria was（0.6-0.8） μm×（0.9-1.2） μm from the scanning electron micrographs of sludge cultivated in the two reactors,and the shape was oval.The rate of this preponderant bacteria was above 90%.The result of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE） and 16S rDNA digested reveals that there was one predominant species and the biodiversity was not high.