陕西省鼠疫疫区夜行鼠生态学调查

Investigation on the ecology of nocturnal rodents in plague epidemic area,Shaanxi province

目的掌握陕西省鼠疫疫区夜行鼠的生态学特征。方法在不同生境内逐月捕获夜行鼠,并梳检鼠体蚤、解剖观察、细菌培养以及血清学检测。结果捕获夜行鼠类8种192只,以黑线仓鼠为优势种;夜行鼠密度春夏季高于秋冬季;黑线仓鼠主要栖息于成年林地,子午沙鼠主要栖息于固定沙丘和半固定沙丘;采集夜行鼠鼠体蚤188匹,隶属于4科8属8种,以二齿新蚤和同型客蚤为优势种;夜行鼠繁殖高峰在夏季;主要夜行鼠能自然感染鼠疫。结论陕西省鼠疫疫区夜行鼠生态学指征有别于邻省(自治区),开展连续系统的夜行鼠密度及血清学监测对有效预防鼠疫的发生和流行具有重要意义。

Objective To grasp the ecological feature of nocturnal rodents in plague epidemic areas, Shaanxi province. Methods The nocturnal rodents were captured in different habitat every month. The parasitic fleas were collected, dissected and observed, as well as do plague bacillus culture and serum detection. Results 192 nocturnal rodents of 8 species were captured. Of which, the Cricetulus barabensis was the dominant specie. The quantity of nocturnal rodents was higher in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. The Cr. barabensis inhabits adult woods and the Meriones meridianus inhabits dikes and semifixed dunes. 188 parasitic fleas, which belonged to 8 species of 8 genera of 4 families, were collected from the nocturnal rodents. The Neopsylla bidentatiformis and Xenopsylla conformis conformis were dominant species. The reproduction peak of nocturnal rodents was in summer. The dominant nocturnal rodents could be infected by the plague bacillus. Conclusion The ecological feature of nocturnal rodents in plague epidemic areas, Shaanxi province is different from that in other areas. It is important for the efficient prevention and control of plague to monitor systematically rodent density and detect serum.