基于GAP单元的车架有限元分析

Finite element analysis for vehicle frame based on GAP elements

利用Hyperworks软件对某重型货车车架进行了有限元分析,研究了采用GAP单元模拟车架钢结构之间接触的方法,并采用壳单元离散车架纵梁和横梁、多点约束单元(MPC)模拟铆钉和螺栓的传力、以及梁单元和弹簧单元模拟前后悬架.对比了利用GAP单元和等效实体单元来模拟接触以及不考虑接触的3种建模方法,分析了该车架的弯曲工况,并对计算结果进行了试验验证.分析结果表明:GAP单元能够有效地模拟车架各层钢结构之间的接触,提高车架有限元分析精度和分析效率,从而为重型货车车架有限元分析提供了一种有效方法.

Finite element analysis（FEA） was carried out on the frame of a heavy duty truck by using Hyperworks software in conditions of bend. GAP elements were used to simulate the contact between beams, shell elements were used to simulate longitudinal and transverse beams, muhi-point constraint （MPC） elements were used to simulate rivets and bolts, and rod elements and spring elements were used to simulate front and rear suspensions. Three FEA modeling methods, using GAP elements and equivalent brick elements to simulate contact between beams without considering contact effect, were used for stress analysis. Stress measurement experiment in conditions of bend was conducted for proving the validity of the modeling method. The experimental results agree well with the FEM analysis.