动员式改革--中国农村改革理论与经验的再探讨

Reform by Mobilizing:Rethinking of the Theories and Experiences of China’s Rural Reform

新制度经济学并不足以解释20世纪70年代末至80年代初的中国农村改革。这场改革具有浓厚的动员色彩,是一次动员式改革。这次动员式改革既不同于以群众运动为代表的组织化动员,也不同于市场转型背景下的准组织化动员。该动员式改革采取了物质刺激和精神鼓励相结合的形式,并有两个显著的特点:改革过程中动员与制度建设相互作用;国家不能完全控制动员的影响。中国农村市场化的启动是作为动员式改革的非意图性后果出现的。

The new institutional economics is inadequate to expound China’s rural reform from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. Mobilization was clearly the characteristic of the reform; that was a reform by mobilizing. The reform was different from the past organized mobilization manifested as mass movements, and from the quasi-organized mobilization seen in the context of market transition as well. The reform by mobilizing combined material incentives with spirit encouragement, which demonstrated two distinctive properties: the mutual influence of mobilization and institutional construction in the reform process and the state’s inability to fully control the impact of the mobilization. The start of the marketization in the rural areas was an unintentional consequence of the reform by mobilizing.