免耕秋玉米测土配方施肥效果分析

Effect of Formula Fertilization by Soil Testing on Autumn Maize with Plowing-free

[目的]应用电脑专家系统,对免耕秋玉米进行测土诊断、配方施肥试验,探讨其施肥效果。[方法]采用单因子随机区组设计,设配方施肥(按施肥建议卡施)、常规施肥(按往年常规施)和不施肥3个处理。[结果]测土配方施肥产量高于不施肥和常规施肥,分别高65.39%和20.81%;果穗性状和株高、苞位高也优于不施肥和常规施肥。测土配方施肥比不施肥增效634.44元/hm2,常规施肥比不施肥亏损1160.56元/hm2。免耕秋玉米产量对土壤养分的依存率为73.05%,配方施肥与目标产量的吻合度为86.14%。[结论]免耕秋玉米配方施肥比常规施肥和不施肥产量高、效益好、性状优;产量对土壤养分的依存率较高。

[Objective] The technology of the soil testing and formula fertilization by computer expert system was used in this experiment to investigate the fertilizer efficiency of the autumn maize with plowing-free.[Method] A single factor experiment with the random block design,3 treatments of non-fertilizer plot（CK）,formula fertilization plot and regular fertilization plot were set up.[Result] The yield in plots where formula fertilization by soil testing was the best of three plots,which increased 65.39% and 20.81% respectively than CK and regular plot.The ear characters,plant height and spike height of formula fertilization plot were better than the other two plots as well.The net income of the formula fertilization plot was enhanced 634.44 yuan/hm^2 than CK,but it was lowed 1 160.56 yuan/hm^2 than CK with the regular fertilization plot.The dependent rate of autumn maize yield with plowing-free on nutrient of soil was 73.05%.The identical degree between the expected yield and obtained yield with formula fertilization by soil testing reached 86.14%.[Conclusion] The plot with formula fertilization had much better yieldl,economic benefit and characters than the plots with regular fertilization and non-fertilizer.The dependent rate of autumn maize yield with plowing-free on nutrient of soil was higher.