游离移植腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣的临床应用

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF FREE PERONEAL PERFORATOR-BASED SURAL NEUROFASCIOCUTANEOUS FLAP

目的探讨腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣游离移植修复前臂及手部皮肤软组织缺损的手术方法和临床效果。方法2006年5月-2007年1月,收治6例前臂及手部皮肤软组织缺损患者。男5例,女1例;年龄22～51岁。机器绞伤4例,车祸伤2例。手部、前臂皮肤缺损伴尺桡骨骨折各1例,手部皮肤缺损伴肌腱损伤、掌骨骨折以及前臂皮肤缺损各2例。皮肤软组织缺损范围16 cm×7 cm～24 cm×10 cm。术中根据受区皮肤软组织缺损形状和大小,以外踝上腓动脉穿支血管为蒂带部分腓动脉主干、沿腓肠神经营养血管轴线设计并切取皮瓣修复受区,将腓动脉及2条伴行静脉分别与受区的桡(尺)动静脉及头静脉吻合。术中切取皮瓣18 cm×8 cm～25 cm×12 cm。供区两端直接缝合,中部残留创面以游离皮片修复。结果术后5例皮瓣全部成活;1例皮瓣远端局部回流不畅浅表坏死,经换药及抗感染治疗后愈合。供区均Ⅰ期愈合。6例均获随访6～13个月,受区皮瓣外形及功能满意。供区肢体无异常,正常行走。结论腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣外形美观,血管蒂恒定,血供可靠,切取范围大,对供区影响小,可用作游离移植修复前臂及手部的大面积皮肤软组织缺损。

Objective To investigate the operative techniques and clinical results of repairing the soft tissue defects of forearm and hand with free peroneal perforator-based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap. Methods From May 2006 to January 2007, 6 patients including 5 males and 1 female were treated. Their ages ranged from 22 years to 51 years. They were injured by motor vehicle accidents （2 cases）, or crushed by machines （4 cases）, with skin defect of hand in 1 case, skin defect of hand associated with tendon injuries and metacarpal fractures in 2 cases, skin defect of forearm in 2 cases, and forearm skin defects with fractures of radius and ulna in 1 case. The areas of soft tissue defect ranged from 16 cm × 7 cm to 24 cm × 10 cm. The debridement and the primary treatment to tendons or bones were performed on emergency. And free flaps were transplanted when the wound areas were stable at 4 to 7 days after the emergent treatment. During the operation, the flaps were designed along the axis of the sural nerve nutrient vessels according to the shape and size of the soft tissue defects, with the peroneal perforator above the lateral malleolus as the pedicle and along with a part of the peroneal artery for vascular anastomosis. Then the flaps were harvested and transferred to the recipient sites with the peroneal vartey anastomosed to the radial （or ulnar） artery and the peroneal veins to one of the radial （or ulnar） veins and the cephalic vein, respectively. The flap size ranged from 18 cm × 8 cm to 25 cm × 12 cm. The donor areas were closed by skin grafts. Results The 5 flaps survived after the surgery. Partial inadequate venous return and distal superficial necrosis happened in only 1 case, which also got secondary healing by changing dressing and anti-infective therapy. The donor sites reached primary healing completely. The followed-up in all the patients for 6 to 13 months revealed that the appearance and function of the flaps were all satisfactory, and no influence on ambulation of donor site was found. Conclusion Peroneal perforator-based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap has the advantages of favourable appearance, constant vascular pedicle, reliable blood supply, large size of elevation and minor influence on the donor site. And the free transfer of this flap is an ideal procedure to repair the large soft tissue defects of forearm and hand.