中美地理学近百年发展脉络的比较研究——基于《地理学报》和Annals of the Association of American Geographers学术论文的统计分析

Comparative Study on the Development Venation of Geography in China and America During the Past Hundred Years——Based on the Statistical Analysis of Acta Geographica Sinica and Annals of the Association of American Geographers

基于《地理学报》和Annals of the Association of American Geographers学术论文的统计,对比近百年中美两国地理学的发展脉络,着重从总体特征、重点研究内容及其变化、理论—实践关系三方面对比异同,获得经验和借鉴。美国地理学经过初期发展、高速发展后,目前进入持续发展阶段;中国地理学在曲折中崛起,目前正处在高速发展时期。美国地理学中人文地理学一直居主导地位,中国则从重视自然地理开始逐渐向自然、人文、方法三足鼎立方向迈进;美国地理学家非常重视微观、中观实践,但在国家宏观决策中远没有中国地理学家发挥作用更直接。美国地理学研究水平高于中国,但这种差距正在缩小,研究方向的变化相差3～5年。世界地理研究中心有向亚太地区、向中国转移的可能,中国地理学家要勇于创建具有中国特色的地理学派。

Based on the statistical analysis of all the articles of Acta Geographica Sinica and Annals of the Association of American Geographers, this paper carrys out comparative study on the development venation of Geogra phy in China and America during the past hundred years. In order to get experiences and use for reference, differences between two countries in three aspects are emphasized on： general characteristic of geography, basilic study contents and their changes, and relationship between theory and practice. American Geography experiences preliminary development period and clipping development period, and now is in persistent development period, while Chinese Geography grows up circuitously and now is in clipping development period. Human Geography is the main study area and is chronically concentrated on in America, however, in China, physical geography is firstly focused on and then physical geography, human geography, and study methods all become important now. Although American geographers put much attention on practice, their effect on national macroscopical decision-making is not as direct as Chinese geographers. The study level of geography in America is much higher than it is in China, whereas the distance between them is getting smaller. Changes in study subject in China are about three to fives years later than that in America. It is conceivable that the Asia-Pacific Area or even China may become the center of geography study allover the worM. Chinese geographers should have the courage to establish geography schools with Chinese characteristic.