从采借到融合--藏、汉语境中的青海互助土族民歌

The Folk Songs of the Monguors (Tus) in Huzhu County, QinghaiProvince,in the Context of the Tibetan and Han Ethnic Groups

民族之间的相互吸收和融合是杂居区民族的共同特征。置身于汉、藏交错环境中的青海互助土族人,在其民歌的传承与传播中,处处表现出在固守其母语歌特征的同时,尽力吸收周边民族的音乐语汇并将之融合,最终形成一种全新歌种的动态过程。按照互助土族民歌发展的历史轨迹,由表及里分两个层次对这种现象进行深入的探讨,可认为固有的民族性和现实的地域性是互助土族民歌与他民族民歌相融合的根源,其表现形式是对民族母源音乐文化的坚持和对民族杂居地域内他民族音乐文化的开放、吸纳与融合。

The culture and folk music of the Huzhu Monguors in Qinghia Province, northwest China, is among the best of China＇s rich ethnic folk heritage. Monguors, Tibetans and Hans are the dominant minority groups in the area. Although some of their folk songs and melo- dies are entwined, the phenomena of monothematism, one -tune repertoires, and a key formula in the song structure, either in the form of four and two intervals or in the form of four and three intervals, can be found consistent in the Huzhu Monguor folk songs. A melody with a new style has been created while the key characteristics of these folk songs have remained. This paper mainly consists of two parts according to the advancement of Huzhu Monguor folk songs. The first part discusses blending at early stages and the second part focuses on a new form and style resulting from the blending melodies. To conclude, geographical features, cultural background and cross - cultural communication are believed to be the major reasons for the blending of Huzhu Mongour folk songs with other folk songs in the area.