造纸废水处理过程中浮游动物的生态演替规律

Ecological succession of zooplankton in the treating process of paper-making wastewater

采用序批式反应器驯化活性污泥处理造纸废水,观察颗粒污泥的形成过程及浮游动物的变化。结果显示:在污泥驯化初期污泥颗粒化程度低,COD去除能力不高,鞭毛虫纲(Mastigophora)最早出现,随后出现肉足纲(Sarcodina)生物;污泥驯化中期,污泥颗粒化程度增加,污水处理能力提高,以纤毛虫类(Ciliata)为主;污泥驯化稳定期,处理能力达到最大值,污泥颗粒化完成,固着型纤毛虫——钟虫(Vorticella)的出现和增长,标志着活性污泥的成熟。其次,在反应器运行过程中,如果运行条件发生改变或出现异常,如负荷增加、pH异常、营养缺乏等,系统内浮游动物及其活动情况也会发生有规律的变化。

Granular sludge formation and zooplankton succession in the process of domesticating activated sludge and treating paper-making wastewater were investigated with sequencing batch reactor （SBR）. The results showed that in the initial stage of sludge domestication, the sludge granularity and the removal capability of COD were low, Mastigophora appeared firstly, and Sarcodina appeared later. In the metaphase, sludge granularity and wastewater treatment capability advanced, and Ciliate dominated. In the stationary phase, wastewater treatment capability reached the maximum, and granular sludge matured. The appearance and increase of Vorticella, a kind of sessile ciliate, symbolized activated sludge maturation. During the running process of the reactor, if the work condition changed, e. g. , the appearance of overload, pH abnormity, or nutrition deficiency, the community composition and activities of zooplankton would be changed accordingly.