藓类植物的无性繁殖及其应用

Asexual reproduction of moss and its applications

藓类植物的无性繁殖方式复杂多样,在多变、极端或不可预测的环境中具有明显优势。按形态特点,藓类植物的无性繁殖方式分为营养繁殖和特化的无性繁殖方式2种,特化的无性繁殖体包括掉落枝尖部、鞭状枝、易掉落的小枝、珠芽、假根芽胞或块茎、芽胞、脆折的叶片和内生芽胞等8种类型。本文综述了藓类植物中无性繁殖体的形态及其发生过程,介绍了苔藓植物无性繁殖在组织培养、分子生物学研究、沙漠结皮形成过程以及园林建设上的应用。

Various kinds of asexual propagules have been reported from different moss taxa. Asexual reproduction plays important roles in the adaptation of moss to environments, especially to the disturbed, unstable and extreme environments. The asexual propagules of moss can be divided into two main types, i. e. , vegetative propagules and specialized asexual reproductive propagules, and the latter includes eight subtypes, i.e. , deciduous shoot apices, flagella, caducous branchlets, bulbils, rhizoidal tubers, endogenous gemmae, gemmae, and caducous leaves. This paper summarized the morphological characteristics of propagules and their morphogenesis. The practical and potential applications of asexual propagules of moss in tissue culture, molecular study, and biotic crust formation in relation to dune or desert fixation as well as in garden construction were also introduced.