非病毒基因递送技术研究进展

Advancements in non-viral gene delivery techniques

基因递送是生物学和医学研究中一项重要且常用的技术,分为病毒感染法和非病毒转染法两大类。病毒载体具有较高转染效率,但产生不良反应等缺陷限制了其应用。非病毒载体具有低细胞毒性、低免疫原性、生物相容性好、可以生物降解等优点,而且不受基因大小的限制,具有很好的应用前景,但转染效率不高是其主要的瓶颈,目前研究人员正致力于寻找和开发高效率的非病毒转染方法。文中阐述了几种主要的生化转染法(阳离子多聚物、阳离子脂质体、磷酸钙)及物理转染法(电穿孔、超声/微气泡、显微注射和基因枪)的原理、优缺点以及研究进展。

Gene delivery, usually including virus infection and non-viral transfection, is an important and ordinary technique in biological and medical researches and practices nowadays. Viral vectors are the most effective means of gene delivery, but the adverse effects limit its application. Non-viral vectors are low-cytotoxic, low-immunogenic, biocompatible and biodegradable without limitation by the size of DNA sequences. However, relatively low transfection efficiency as compared to viral vectors is the bottleneck. Recently, researchers have focused on developing new non-viral vectors with high efficiency. In this paper, the principles, advantages and disadvantages, and some advancements of several main biochemical gene delivery means （cationic polymers, cationic liposome, calcium phosphate）and physical gene delivery means （electroporation, ultrasound, microinjection, gene gun）are briefly reviewed.