18世纪法国启蒙主义文学中的中国思想文化因素--析“中国礼仪之争”对法国启蒙文学的影响

Chinese Cultural Elements in the Eighteenth-Century French Enlightenment Literature:The Controversy over Chinese Rituals and French Enlightenment Literature

18世纪法国启蒙主义文学宣扬自然神论或无神论的世界观,提出君主立宪、"三权分立"等政治主张或理论,这在一定程度上受到中国思想文化的启发。"中国礼仪之争"是东学西传的起始,从17世纪下半叶起,它的进展就与法国早期启蒙主义思潮的发展相互作用。传教士的文本争论客观上造成了中国文学典籍及其负载的思想文化,主要是儒学和宋明理学在法国的广为传播,并进而在思想内容方面影响法国文学;但是,中国古典文学并未在体裁和表现形式上对法国启蒙文学产生过影响。

The eighteenth-century French Enlightenment literature, advocating deism or atheism and advancing the theory of constitutional monarchy and separation of powers, was, to some extent, inspired by Chinese ideology and culture. The controversy over Chinese rituals was the origin of the spread of Oriental literature in the West. From the second half of the seventeenth century, this process began to interact with the early Enlightenment ideological trend in France. The controversy over missionaries＇ texts contributed to the wide spread of Chinese literary works in France, thereby enabling Confucianism and the idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties to influence French literature ideologically, though no Chinese influence in literary genre and style was seen in the French Enlightenment literature.