福建海坛海峡潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构及次级生产力

Community structure and secondary production of macrobenthos in the intertidal zone of Haitan Strait,Fujian Province

为了解海坛海峡潮间带大型底栖生物现状,我们于2005年10月、2006年4月在位于台湾海峡北端的海坛海峡设置6条断面,依据《海洋监测规范第7部分:近海污染生态调查和生物监测》(GB17378.7-1998),进行潮间带大型底栖动物采样。共采获潮间带大型底栖动物228种,其中多毛类77种、软体动物75种、甲壳动物52种、棘皮动物7种、鱼类5种、其它类群动物12种。年平均生物量(湿重)为12.14g/m2,年平均密度为571.5ind./m2。在数量组成中,软体动物占优势(314.2ind./m2,5.38g/m2),其次是多毛类(204.7ind./m2,3.35g/m2)。Shannon-Weiner多样性指数3.419,Margalef物种丰富度指数3.271,Pielou均匀度指数0.780,群落特征表明海坛海峡潮间带生态环境属正常状况。年平均去灰干重2.19g(AFDW)/m2,依据Brey(1990)的公式计算,潮间带大型底栖动物次级生产力3.72g(AFDW)/(m2.a),年平均P/B值为1.74a-1,表明海坛海峡潮间带大型底栖动物中,个体小、生命周期短、繁殖力高、栖息密度大的种类对潮间带大型底栖动物次级生产力的贡献较大。

In order to understand the current status of macrobenthos in the intertidal zone of Haitan Strait at the north part of Taiwan Strait, 6 sections were made in the intertidal zone for the sampling of macrobenthos in October, 2005 and April, 2006,according to the instructions of ‘the Specification for Marine Monitoring, part 7 ： Ecological Survey of Offshore Pollution and Biological Monitoring＇ （GB17378.7-1998）. In total, 228 species of macrobenthos were identified, including 77 species of Polychaeta, 75 species of Mollusca, 52 species of Crustacea, 7 species of Echinodermata, 5 species of fishes and 12 species of other animals. The annual mean biomass and density were 12.14 g/m^2 （wet weight） and 517.5 ind./m^2 respectively. As for structural composition, the most abundant biomass was molluscs （5.38 g/m^2） with the highest density （314.2 ind./m^2 ） and the second one was polychaetes （3.35 g/m^2） with the secondary density （204.7 ind./m^2）. Mean Shannon-Weiner diversity index was 3.419, mean Margalef index was 3.271, and mean Pielou index was 0.780. The above community characters indicate that the status of the ecological environment in the intertidal zone of Haitan Strait is normal. The annual mean AFDW （ash-free dry weight）was 2.19 g/m^2 in according to Brey＇ s （1990） formula; the mean value of secondary production of macrobenthos was 3.72 g （AFDW） / （m^2 .a）; and the annual mean of PIB ratio was 1.74 a^-1. These results demonstrate that small-sized animals,which have short life cycles and high reproductive capacities, play a key role and contribute more to the secondary production of the intertidal zone of Haitan Strait .