从中国文学史的背景看赵树理的“三农”文学

ZHAO Shu—li′s Peasantry Literary Works in Chinese Literature History

自《诗经》始,中国文学素有"兴农"、"乐农"、"悯农"的传统,尤其是五四新文化运动以来,描写农业、农村、农民的"三农"文学在表现农民苦难、农村凋敝、乡村批判、农民的觉醒与反抗、农民进城等五个方面有了长足的发展。在此背景下,赵树理创作的个性特征可以得到清晰的体认:始终立足于黄土地,与农村、农民保持着血脉相连的关系;致力于表现农村错综复杂的社会关系,表现农业生产方式、乡村社会结构的变迁以及这一过程中农民的命运与心态的变化;反映出带有晋东南特征的农村社会伦理状况,表明了国民性批判线索的历史性超越;执著地追求乡野风格,其作品带有浓郁的乡土趣味。赵树理是现代文学史上从精神内涵到文体形式、审美风格整体上最能代表农民的作家。赵树理对于当今文学创作仍有启迪意义。

The Chinese history of literature has long had a tradition of “encouraging”, “delighting”, and “sympathizing” the peasants ever since the Book of Songs; and there has been a great advancement in peasantry literature after the May Forth Movement, which concerns the peasants＇ distress, the destitute of agriculture, rural criticism, peasants＇ awakening, and their rebellion and urban movement. Against that background, the personal characterscreated in ZHAO Shu-li could be clearly perceived. （i） He always bases his writings on the yellow earth, and has a blood-related association with the countryside and the peasants. （ii） He exerts his efforts to the complicated social relations in the countryside, the agricultural production means, the changes of the rural social structure, and, along this process, the peasants＇ change in fortune and psychology. （iii） His works reveals the rural ethical characteristic state of the south-east Shanxi Province, which implies a historical breakthrough of the nationality criticism line. （iv） He devotes himself to pursuing the rural style, and his works have a strong rural flavor. Therefore, ZHAO is the most representative author of the Chinese peasants both from the spiritual connotation to literary form and aesthetic style in modern Chinese literature history. His contribution is still insightful to contemporary literary creation.