神农架样品中粘细菌的分离与纯化

Study on the Isolation and Purification of Myxobacteria from the Samples of Shennongjia and Its Morphological Characteristics

[目的]为进一步研究粘细菌中生物活性物质奠定基础。[方法]从神农架森林和野生动物自然保护区内7个区域中采集146份泥土、腐烂植物、树皮、地衣等样品,预处理后进行粘细菌分离和纯化,观察分离粘细菌的营养细胞、粘孢子、子实体形态和菌落形态等特征。[结果]共分离到167株粘细菌,分离的粘细菌有丰富的多样性。分离粘细菌的子实体形态多样,特征明显,可分为10类。在7个区域中粘细菌的出菌率差别不大,平均出菌率为78%。黄土、黑土、腐烂植物样品出菌率较高且种类丰富,而树皮、地衣样品出菌率较低。粘土中营养物质适中,出菌率处于平均水平,而从树叶样品中未分离到粘细菌。[结论]粘细菌在营养丰富的环境中生长较好。

[Objective] The aim of the research was to lay the foundation for further research of the bioactive substances in myxobacteria.[Method] 146 samples of earth,rotten foliage,bark,lichen and so on were collected from 7 regions of Shennongjia Forest and Animal Nature Reserve.After pretreatment myxobacteria were isolated and purified to observe the characteristics of the isolated myxobacteria such as vegetative cell,gloeospore,the morphology of fruiting body and colony morphology.[Result] 167 strains of myxobacteria were isolated and the isolated myxobacteria had abundant diversity.The morphology of fruiting body in the isolated myxobacteria was diversified with obvious characteristics,which could be classified into 10 groups.The isolated rate of myxobacteria among 7 regions had no great difference,with the average isolated rate（78%） of myxobacteria.Samples such as yellow earth,black earth and rotten foliage had higher isolated rate of myxobacteria and rich species,while that of bark and lichen samples was lower.Clay had moderate nutrients and its isolated rate of myxobacteria was at average level.And myxobacteria were not isolated from leaf samples.[Conclusion] Myxobacteria grew better in the environment with abundant nutrients.