枇杷园重金属污染指数与降污栽培技术研究

Study on Heavy Metal Pollution Index in Loquat Orchard and Cultivation Technology for Reducing Pollution

[目的]了解枇杷园重金属污染情况,研究降低污染指数的栽培技术。[方法]以福建莆田解放钟枇杷为试材,用梅花形采样方法随机采集莆田GAP基地果园和对照果园20 cm下的表层土壤样品,统计分析土壤中As、Hg、Pb、Cu、Cd、Zn等6种重金属的单项污染指数,计算综合污染指数,依据GAP要求进行评价。[结果]GAP基地果园未受污染;对照园土壤As、Hg、Pb含量未超国家GAP标准,土壤Cd和Zn均属于极严重污染级;Pb属于污染清洁级;Cu含量属于轻度污染级。根据对污染源的调查,研究提出降低污染指数的栽培技术。即,施用化学改良剂固定土壤中的重金属,采用生物技术从土壤中去除重金属等。[结论]该研究为绿色枇杷、GAP枇杷基地选址和制定SOP提供研究依据。

[Objective] This study aimed to know about heavy metal pollution index of loquat orchard and study the cultivation technology for reducing the pollution index.[Method] With Jiefangzhong loquat in Putian in Fujiang province as tested material,the cinquefoil sampling method was used to select the soil samples in topsoil under 20 cm from Putian GAP base and the control orchard randomly.The single pollution index of six kinds of heavy metals such as As,Hg,Pb,Cu,Cd and Zn in soil samples was conducted for statistical analysis and the their comprehensive pollution index was calculated,which were evaluated according to the standard of national GAP.[Result] The orchard of GAP base was not polluted.The contents of As,Hg,Pb in soil of the control orchard had not surpassed the standard of National GAP whereas,Cd and Zn in soil belonged to severe pollution level,Pb was at the level of clean pollution and Cu was at the level of slight pollution.According to the investigation of the pollution sources,the cultivation technology for reducing pollution index was proposed,i.e.fixing heavy metals in soil by chemical improvement agent,removing heavy metal in soil by biotechnology and so on.[Conclusion] This study could provide the research basis for selecting the site of the green loquat base and GAP Loquat base and making the SOP（Standard Operating Procedure）of the GAP base.