受精蛋和无精蛋、死胚及正常发育胚的种蛋品质差异研究

Quality Difference on Hatching Eggs of Fertile Eggs,Aspermatism Eggs,Dead Embryos and Normal Development Embryos of Chicken

通过对3批共1626个海兰褐父母代种蛋进行试验,分析受精蛋和无精蛋、死胚及正常发育胚的种蛋品质差异,探讨种蛋品质对种蛋失重、死亡规律及孵化率的影响。结果表明:①在孵化期间出现2个死亡高峰时段,即第0～7天和第14～21天。②孵化期间第0～7天失重率与蛋壳的大、小端气孔数呈正相关;3个阶段的种蛋失重率相互之间有极显著的正相关,且出壳重与失重率有极显著的负相关。③孵化第0～7天死胚的种蛋(死精蛋)壳厚显著低于正常发育胚蛋,蛋壳两端气孔数少于正常发育胚蛋。④孵化第8～21天死胚种蛋蛋重显著高于群体平均蛋重,两端气孔数均多于正常发育胚蛋,蛋形指数小于正常发育胚蛋。⑤雏鸡出壳重与入孵蛋重有极显著正相关,与气孔数、蛋形指数、壳厚均无相关性。⑥受精蛋与无精蛋相比,入孵蛋重略大于无精蛋,壳厚显著地小于无精蛋,大、小端气孔数分别显著或不显著地多于无精蛋。

A total of 1 626 parents Hy-Line brown eggs were used to investigate the quality difference of fertile eggs,aspermatism eggs and hatching eggs of dead embryos and normal development embryos,and then to analyze the reasons that affect the weight loss during hatching and the death of chicken embryos. The results show that：①There were two death peak periods during 0 to 7 d and 14 to 21 d of incubation. ②The weight loss of eggs during 0 to 7 days had positive correlation with the stomatal number of big and small end of egg shell. The weight loss rate of each stage had significant correlation among three periods,and the weight of hatching chicken had negative correlation with weight loss rate. ③The egg shell thickness of death embryos during incubation 0 to 7 day were significantly lower than that of normal development embryos,the stomatal numbers of two end were less than that of normal development embryos. ④In the eggs of embryos dead during incubation 8 to 21 days,the egg weight was significant higher than the average weight of all incubating eggs,the stomatal number of two ends were more than that of normal development embryos,and their shape indexs were smaller than the average level.⑤The weight of hatching chicken was significant positive relation with the weight of hatching egg,but not relation to stomatal numbers,egg shape and thickness of egg shell. ⑥Comparing to aspermatism eggs,the weight of hatching fertilized eggs was bigger,their shell thickness was significantly smaller,and the stomatal number of big and small end of fertilized eggs was significant or unsignificant more,respectively.