云南省19县市小兽及其体表寄生蚤的种类与性比分析

Species investigation and sex ratio analysis of ectoparasitic fleas on small mammals in 19 Counties and Towns of Yunnan,China

目的分析小兽及其体表寄生蚤类的性比。方法采用随机抽样方法选择调查点,捕获小兽动物并收集体表寄生蚤,进行常规分类鉴定分析小兽及蚤类性别比例。结果共捕获10856只小兽,隶属于10科27属47种。从小兽体表采获蚤类9532只,隶属于5科、22属、39种。黄胸鼠、大绒鼠、齐氏姬鼠和褐家鼠是小兽主要优势种群。方叶栉眼蚤、印鼠客蚤和缓慢细蚤为蚤类主要优势种。小兽雌雄比例为1∶0.99,蚤类的雌雄比例为1∶0.81。结论云南地区小型兽类的性别比接近1,蚤类雌性所占比例略高于雄性。

Objective To study sex ratio of ectoparasitic fleas on the body surface of small mammals. Methods On the basis of field investigation （randomly sampling）, small mammals were captured and ectoparasitic fleas were collected. Conventional taxonomic methods were used to investigate on sex ratios of small mammals and ectoparasitic fleas. Results 10 856 small mammals were captured in the field investigation and all the small mammals were identified as 47 species of 27 genera in 10 families. Totally 9 532 fleas were collected from the body surface of all small mammals and they were identified into 39 flea species of 22 genera in 5 families. Rattus flavipectus, Eothenornys miletus, Apodernus chevrieri and Rattus norvegicus are main dominant small mammal species. Ctenophthalrnus quadratus, Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis are main dominant flea species. The sex ratio of small mammal species is 1 ： 0.99 while that of flea species reaches 1 ： 0.81. Conclusion The female constituent ratio of small mammal species is equal to the male one. The female constituent ratio of the dominant flea species is slightly higher than male one.