武汉市青山地区儿童肺炎支原体感染的流行病学分析

To Analyze the Epidemiological Feature of Children's Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Qingshan Region of Wuhan

目的观察武汉市青山地区儿童肺炎支原体感染的流行情况及影响因素。方法对2005年3月至2007年2月在本院确诊为下呼吸道感染的1702例患儿取静脉血，用酶联接免疫吸附剂测定法（ELISA）检测肺炎支原体特异性抗体IgM（Mp-IgM）。结果2年间青山地区1702例下呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体特异性抗体IgM的总检出率为36．9％，其中2005年12月至2006年2月，2006年12月至2007年2月，肺炎支原体特异性抗体IgM的检出率分别为47．8％，61．3％。此期该地区正值暖冬气候，空气质量最差，并证实存在肺炎支原体感染流行。本研究发现，该地区肺炎支原体感染儿童年龄前移，1～3岁儿童肺炎支原体特异性抗体IgM的检出率为44．3％，小于或等于1岁婴儿的检出率为25．6％，无新生儿发病病例。结论肺炎支原体已为该地区小儿下呼吸道感染的主要病原体，在暖冬气候、空气质量差的季节，尤为明显。本病的发生及流行，应引起临床医师的高度重视。

Objective To observe epidemiological features and influential elements of mycoplasma pneumonia in Qingshan region of Wuhan. Methods 1 702 children were diagnosed as acute lower respiratory tract infection （ALRI） from March 2005 to February 2007 in the Department of Pediatrics, Wugang No. 1 hospital by taking venous blood and detecting the mycoplasma pneumonia specific antibody IgM （Mp-IgM） with the method of ELISA. Results Among 1 702 children, the total incidence rate was 36.9% in the past 2 years. The incidence rate from December 2005 to February 2006 was 47. 8%,and from December 2006 to February 2007 was 61. 3%. At the same time,the air quality was poor. It was confirmed that the period existed the prevalence of mycoplasma pneumonia. Children were infected mycoplasma pneumonia, whose ages were getting younger than before. Morbidity of 1 - 3 years old children was accounted for 44.3%, and 25.6% of them were under 1 year old, and there was no neonatal mobidity. Conclusion Mycoplasma pneumonia is a main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children in Qinshan region, especially with the air pollution in warm winter, the nosogenesis and prevalence of this disease should be paid attention to.