南亚热带6种人工林凋落物的初步研究

A Preliminary Study on Litter Falls of Six Kinds of Plantations in the Tropical South Asia

2006年5月至2007年4月在广西凭祥市中国林科院热带林业实验中心伏波实验场，采用塑料网框收集法对米老排、西南桦、红椎、火力楠、马尾松、杉木6种人工林分凋落物的凋落量及凋落节律进行了研究，结果表明：不同树种林分凋落物的动态变化规律不同，凋落量也各异。在6种林分中，叶、杂物的凋落量以米老排最高，分别达4748．23、1881．07kg·hm^-2·a^-1，西南桦最低，分别为2641．32、153．88kg·hm^-2·a^-1；枝凋落量以马尾松最高，达902．94kg·hm^-2·a^-1，杉木最低，仅149．93kg·hm^-2·a^-1。林分的年总凋落量也以米老排最高，达7095．76kg·hm^-2·a^-1，西南桦最低，仅3309．05kg·hm^-2·a^-1，米老排林分的年总凋落量是西南桦的2．14倍，而红椎、杉木、马尾松、火力楠4种林分的年总凋落量比较相近，为5555．61～5864．87kg·hm^-2·a^-1，相差不足6％。6种林分年总凋落量的差异极显著，多重比较显示，米老排与另外5个树种比较都达到了极显著差异，红椎和杉木与西南桦、火力楠、马尾松比较达极显著差异；火力楠、马尾松与西南桦比较达极显著差异。

The amount and rhythm of litter falls in Mytilaria laosensis, Betula alnoides, Castanopsis hystrix, Michelia macclurei, Pinus massoniana, and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations located at Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, CAF, were studied. The results showed that there existed different dynamic change and litter fall amount for different tree plantation. Among 6 stands, Mytilaria laosensis had the most leaf and miscellaneous litter falls, which were 4 748.23 and 1 881.07 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 , and Betula alnoides had the lowest, which were 2 641.32 and 153.88 kg ·hm^-2·a^-1. Pinus massoniana had the most leaf litter fall, which was 902.94 kg·hm^-2·a^-1, while Cunninghamia lanceolata the lowest, which were 149.93 kg·hm^-2·a^-1. For annual total litter fall amount, Mytilaria laosensis was the highest （7 095.76 kg ·hm^-2·a^-1） and Betula alnoides the lowest （ 3 309.05 kg ·hm^-2·a^-1）. The annual total litter fall amounts of Castanopsis hystrix, Michelia macclurei, Pinus massoniana, and Cunninghamia lanceolata were similar, ranged between 5 555.61 -5 864.87 kg ·hm^-2·a^-1. The ANOVA results of the annual total litter fall amount showed that there existed extremely significant differences among tree species. By multiple comparisons, it was showed that there existed extremely significant difference in annual total litter fall amount between Mytilaria laosensis and the other 5 species, between Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Betula alnoides and Michelia macclurei and Pinus massoniana, and between Michelia macclurei, Pinus massoniana and Betula alnoides.