山葡萄种间杂交F1～F4代对霜霉病抗性的遗传分析

Genetic analysis of resistance to Plasmopara viticola disease in progenies (F_1-F_4) derived from interspecific hybridization with Vitis amurensis

1973—2006年对我国东北山葡萄抗寒的种质资源(品种、品系)与不抗寒的欧亚种酿造葡萄品种进行种间杂交、回交和重复杂交。共定植42个组合杂种苗,定植成活7680株。观察42个组合7680株杂种苗F1￣F4代对霜霉病抗性的的抗性分离,共分离出抗病(2￣3级)3747株,占杂种苗总株数48.8%。其中抗病×抗病的10个组合共分离出抗病2303株、占69.3%,分别高于抗病×不抗病、中等感病×中等感病、中等感病×高感病、高感病×高感病的组合的23.2、29.2、45.3和54.8个百分点。遗传规律是:山葡萄种间杂交后代F1￣F4对霜霉病抗性分离,表现为连续分布,倾向于抗病亲本,后代群体抗病性主要由亲本抗病性决定,杂交组合中抗病亲本越多,分离出的抗病单株越多,为多基因控制的数量性状遗传、"抗病基因"有累加效应、呈显性遗传给后代。已选育出抗霜霉病、抗寒、可酿造干红山葡萄酒的新品种左优红、品系94-7-75、94-8-168、95-2-482和2002-1-135。

Total of 7680 seedlings derived from 42 cross combinations of interspecific cross, back cross and replicate cross between Vitis amurensis Rupr. （VA） and Vitis vinifera L. （VV） made in 1973 to 2006 were used as material for studying the resistance segregation to Plasmopara viticola. Results showed 3747 seedlings （48.8% corresponding to the total） were of high resistance to this disease ; while in the progenies of 10 cross combinations of disease-resistance ×disease-resistance 69.3% were resistant ones, higher than that of dlsease-resistance×disease-non-resistance crosses, medium susceptlbility×medlum susceptibility crosses, medium susceptibility×higher susceptibility crosses, higher susceptibility×higher susceptibility crosses by 23.2, 29.2, 45.3 and 54.8 percent point respectively. The disease-resistance law was showed as a continuous distribution and declined to disease-resistance parents. The higher disease-resistance parents were in crossing combinations the more hybrid progenies were inherited with disease-resistance gene which showed a quantitative genetic trait controlled by multigene, having an accumulative response and a dominant inheritance to progenies. From those progenies a new cultivar named as Zuoyouhong suitable for making dry-red wine has been bred. It is resistant to Plasmopara viticola disease and cold resistant. Some promising selections, 94-7-75, 94-8-168, 95-2-482 and 2002-1-135 were also selected.