广东省顺德区2005～2007年流行性腮腺炎流行特征分析

Epidemic Characteristic Analysis on Mumps in Shunde District from 2005 to 2007

【目的】了解广东省佛山市顺德区2005-2007年流行性腮腺炎发病情况及流行特征,为今后制定防治措施提供科学依据。【方法】采用描述性流行病学方法对全区近3年内流行性腮腺炎的疫情资料进行分析。【结果】顺德区3年累计报告流行性腮腺炎病例3514例,无死亡病例,占法定报告丙类传染病总数的60.99%,年平均报告发病率为63.93/10万,其中2005年发病率最高达119.16/10万,3年间发病率呈下降趋势,不同年份间报告的发病率相比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;各年全区各镇（街道）均有发病,1月及4-8月为高发月,占全年腮腺炎报告发病总数的61.41%;病例主要分布在学生（42.74%）、幼托儿童（32.41%）、散居儿童（8.51%）及工人（7.14%）,发病年龄主要集中在3-15岁之间（76.29%）;男性报告发病率高于女性（P〈0.01）,男女性别比为1.83∶1。从2006年麻腮风（MMR）疫苗接种率大幅提高后,全区腮腺炎发病率显著下降。【结论】加强监测及提高重点人群疫苗的接种覆盖率,是今后本区腮腺炎防控的工作重点。

[Objective]To overall find out the disease status and epidemic characteristic of mumps from 2005 to 2007 in Shunde District, and provide the scientific basis for future measures taken for the control and prevention of mumps. [Methods] Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to analyze the data about epidemic status of mumps in the past three years in whole district. [Results] The number of cumulative cases about mumps were 3514 in the past three years in Shunde district without any death case, which was 60. 99% of the total number of notifiable disease in class Ⅲ. The incidence rate of yearly average was 63.93/100,000, among which the highest was up to 119.16/100,000 in 2005, and the incidence rate tended to decrease year by year. The difference of incidence rate with different years had a statistical significance （ P 〈0. 001）. Each year there were cases in each town（street）. The peak period was January and April August, in which the number of cases were 61. 41% of the total number of cases with mumps. The major mumps cases were students （42.74%）, kids （32.41%）, kids without permanent residence （8.51%） and workers （7.14%）. The ages for disease were mainly between 3-15 years old （76.29%）. The incidence rate for male was higher than the female （ P〈0.01）, and sex proportion was 1.83： 1. After improvement of inoculation rate of MMR vaccine in 2006, the incidence rate of mumps apparently decreased in the whole district. [Conclusion] Enforcing the disease monitoring and improving vaccine coverage of susceptible population should be our emphasis for preventing and controlling mumps in Shunde district.