中外水土保持理念对比

Idea Contrast on Soil and Water Conservation at Home and Abroad

介绍了发达国家水土保持发展历程:初期先开发后治理、中期开发与治理并进、后期重视生态环境修复或环保优先阶段,及中国水土保持发展的起始阶段、推广阶段和普及阶段。由于文化、经济发展状况差异,对土壤侵蚀、水土保持基本概念、内涵的定义和解释不尽相同,随着人们认识的发展,土壤侵蚀与水土保持学的概念在不断完善、深化。并阐述了不同国家及地方各自的水土保持法律、法规、技术规范和标准内容以及发布的时间,从国家、企业和受益者三个方面比较了美国、奥地利和中国水土保持投资比率情况。通过中外水土保持理念对比,对我国水土保持事业的发展提出了建议。

This paper introduces developed countries＇ soil and water conservation experiencing three stages, i.e., early, initial development with subsequent treatment; the mid-term, development and management at one time; and lastly, ecological environment restoration or environment protection priority, and China also undergo- ing the outset, promotion and popularization development stages. The people of different countries, due to the differences of cultural and economic development conditions, have different realizations on the interpretation of definition and the connotation of soil erosion and soil and water conservation. Meanwhile, the paper represents the soil and water conservation laws and regulations, technology standards and standard contents as well as issuing time of different nations and regions respectively, and compares the soil and water conservation investment ratio situations among the USA, Austria and China from the country, enterprise and beneficiary three aspects. Through contrasting the Chinese and foreign soil and water conservation idea, a proposal on soil and water conservation enterprise＇s development is put forward.