旅游地居民对旅游影响感知和态度的比较--以西递景区与九寨沟景区为例

Comparison of Resort Residents' Perceptions and Attitudes:Case Studies in Xidi Village and Jiuzhaigou

旅游地居民感知与态度研究是旅游地理学研究的重要主题之一,居民感知的跨区域、跨文化的共时性分析是该领域研究未来努力的方向之一。选择世界遗产地西递和九寨沟为研究案例,进行旅游地居民旅游影响感知的比较研究。结果显示:①两地居民对旅游发展均表现出积极态度,但九寨沟居民的响应程度和支持程度更为强烈,其旅游经济收入上要远高于西递。②九寨沟居民在旅游经济收益、旅游社会文化影响、旅游环境影响的上的感知均明显强于西递,同时在旅游经济成本感知上也明显强于西递。③相关分析和回归分析分别从样本基本特征中识别了西递和九寨沟居民支持旅游发展态度的相关因素和判别指标。分析结果表明,不同类型的旅游地具有不同的旅游社区特征,在旅游地性质、对旅游业的依赖程度、经济发展水平、旅游资源产权归属、旅游管理体制、主客文化差异等社区特征上不同的东道主社区应该有着不同的旅游感知。按照社会交换理论,无论是从资产的收益权还是从受干扰补偿方面,西递古村落居民相对九寨沟风景区居民具有更高的收益期望,这也导致了其实际获益远低于期望收益,故相对九寨沟居民,西递表现出低估旅游经济收益、社会收益而高估社会成本的倾向。

Studies on the residents＇ perceptions and attitudes toward tourism destinations have been a lasting study topic of tourism geography. A comparative study of different resort residents＇ perceptions and attitudes is one of the future study subjects. The paper analyzes the difference of residents＇ perceptions and attitudes in Xidi and Jiuzhaigou. The results are drawn as follows： （1） Residents in Xidi and Jiuzhaigou all have positive perceptions and attitudes toward the tourism impacts in the host community. But residents in Jiuzhaigou have more positive support to the tourism development than those in Xidi, and they have much more tourism income than those in Xidi. （2） Residents in Jiuzhaigou have more tourism economic profit, socio-cultural impact and environmental impact perceptions than those in Xidi. At the same time, they have also more tourism economic cost perceptions. 3） From the residents＇ characteristics, the paper identified correlation factors and predictors of residents＇ attitudes toward tourism development in Xidi Village and Jiuzhaigou resort by correlation and regression analysis. There are different community characteristics in different types of tourism destinations. The findings indicate that these communities with different characteristics, such as resort characteristics, dependence on the tourism industry, economic development level, territorial structure, heritage protection and tourism management mechanism and host-gest cultural difference, should have different residents＇ perceptions and attitudes toward tourism impacts. Based on social exchange theory, because of capital proceeds and compensation of being disturbed, residents have more profit expectations. Then this brings out that their realistic profit is lower than their expected profit. So compared with their counterparts in Jiuzhaigou, residents in Xidi tend to underestimate tourism economic profit and social profit, and overestimate social cost.